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A tight labor market and state minimum wage increases boosted low-end wage growth between 2019 and 2023

The labor market recovery from the pandemic recession has been tremendous and low-wage workers have been key recipients of those gains, with dramatically…

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The labor market recovery from the pandemic recession has been tremendous and low-wage workers have been key recipients of those gains, with dramatically fast real wage growth between 2019 and 2023 as we found in our recent report. These gains were due in part to several large spending bills passed during the pandemic—including the vital American Rescue Plan—which provided relief to workers and their families to help them weather the recession and fed the surge in employment. After losing their jobs in record numbers during the initial shock of the pandemic, low-wage workers found better job opportunities and experienced unusually strong leverage to see fast wage growth as employers scrambled to hire workers in the recovery.

At the same time, 29 states and the District of Columbia raised their minimum wages between 2019 and 2023—either through legislation, ballot referendums, or indexing to inflation. We found that these state minimum wage increases also boosted low-end wage growth: 10th-percentile wages grew about 50% faster in states with minimum wage increases compared with states without any change in their minimum wage (see Figure A). It is also the case that low-wage workers experienced relatively fast wage growth in all states, regardless of changes to their minimum wage.

Figure A

States and localities have raised their minimum wages in response to federal inaction

The federal minimum wage has been stuck at $7.25 an hour since 2009 and is now worth less than at any point since February 1956, more than 67 years ago. A worker paid the federal minimum wage earns 29% less in inflation-adjusted terms than a minimum wage worker in July 2009 and 39% less than a minimum wage worker in February 1968, the historical high point of the minimum wage’s value as shown in Figure B.

Figure B
Figure B

Given the inadequacy of this wage to enable workers and their families to make ends meet, even with full-time hours, it’s not surprising that state policymakers and voters have enacted higher minimum wages than the federal minimum. Figure C shows the 29 states and DC that increased their minimum wage between 2019 and 2023. Thirteen states index their minimum wage to inflation, meaning they make automatic annual increases to the minimum wage based on the change in that year’s cost of living. This has been extremely valuable to low-wage workers in these states during recent years with high levels of inflation. It has meant the value of the minimum wage has roughly kept up with prices of goods and services that low-wage workers need for their livelihoods.

Already this year, ballot measures to raise the minimum wage have been proposed in Alaska, Missouri, Ohio, and Oklahoma. Those initiatives will get decided in the November election. On the legislative side, the Virginia legislature passed a measure to continue the set of increases that started in 2020 to raise the state’s minimum wage to $15 per hour by 2026, but Republican Governor Glenn Youngkin vetoed the measure.

The minimum wage is a crucial labor standard that serves as a valuable wage floor, bolsters the bargaining power of low-wage workers, and narrows wage gaps between workers by gender, race, and ethnicity. Strong labor standards—such as the minimum wage—work hand in hand with tight labor markets to provide faster wage growth for lower-wage workers.

Figure C
Figure C

The minimum wage can protect equity gains created by the recovery

An important function of the minimum wage is to create a more equitable wage distribution where the lowest-paid jobs are not too far from middle-income jobs. From 1979 to 2017, the wage gap between the median worker and workers at the 10th percentile grew entirely because of the stagnating value of the federal minimum wage. Since 2019, the wages of low-wage workers have grown more quickly than the median worker, creating a more equitable wage distribution.

Because of occupational segregation and historical discrimination, low-wage workers are disproportionately Black and Hispanic. The rapid wage growth of recent years—as a result of a tight labor market and state minimum wage increases—has narrowed wage gaps between white, Black, and Hispanic workers.

To protect the equity gains created by the recovery, even states that have been raising their minimum wages can do more. States with ballot measures or legislative increases helped their low-wage workers, but inflation cut into the economic security these policies were meant to achieve. Some states are already reacting to this effect. In 2023, New York and Maryland passed new increases in recognition that they needed to either accelerate the scheduled increases or set higher targets in order to protect low-wage workers’ economic security. Without proactive action, when labor market conditions change to be less favorable to workers, the gap between low-wage and middle-income workers will likely grow again.

Even in a period of remarkable wage growth for low-wage workers overall, the minimum wage has still provided powerful support for workers. As the federal minimum wage continues to stagnate, states continue to be the standard bearers of progress on the minimum wage. States have a unique opportunity to protect the gains that low-wage workers achieved during the pandemic recovery by increasing their minimum wages before a change in economic conditions.

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International

The UK is poorer without Erasmus – it’s time to rejoin the European exchange programme

The arrival of international students provides opportunities for intercultural exchange within UK universities.

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The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the Erasmus+ scheme – a reciprocal exchange process that let UK students study at European universities, and European students come to the UK – is again under the spotlight.

Campaigns for the UK’s re-entry to the scheme are ongoing. But diplomat Nick Leake told a committee meeting in Brussels that the terms for the UK to remain part of Erasmus+ were too expensive, and that Brits’ poor language skills caused an imbalance between the numbers of UK students travelling abroad and EU students coming to the UK.

My research focuses on language and intercultural education. The British are not inherently bad at learning languages, but there has been a decline in international language learning among young people. However, this should not be a pretext to justify the withdrawal from the Erasmus+ programme.

Meanwhile, the post-Brexit replacement for Erasmus+, the Turing scheme, has fallen short in several key aspects.


Read more: The Turing scheme was supposed to help more disadvantaged UK students study abroad – but they may still be losing out


Unlike Erasmus+, which organises student exchanges across European countries with streamlined administrative processes and established partnerships, the Turing scheme lacks the same level of infrastructure and network. The scope of the Turing scheme is more narrow, as it focuses on outbound mobility from the UK rather than reciprocal exchanges.

It also seems to be less accessible than Erasmus+. Institutions wanting to take part are faced with a complicated application process. In short, this scheme is a wheel that did not need to be re-invented – especially not in such a suboptimal way.

Universities across the UK pride themselves on their international status, striving to equip graduates with the skills needed to navigate and shape a globalised world. But the UK’s withdrawal from Erasmus+ seems to undermine this aspiration.

Participating in international exchange programmes offers a plethora of benefits, ranging from personal growth to academic enrichment and professional development. For more than a decade, I have witnessed first-hand the transformative impact Erasmus+ has had on my students. I can attest to its profound role in shaping well-rounded individuals equipped with the skills to thrive in today’s interconnected world.

Benefits on both sides

There are many benefits enjoyed by students participating in international exchange programmes. But welcoming international exchange students to UK campuses also offers huge advantages to universities and broader society. It provides students with opportunities for intercultural exchange right at their doorstep. International exchange students bring with them unique perspectives, skills and experiences that enrich the learning environment for everyone.

As a languages academic, I am naturally interested in the relationship between language learning and international mobility. Studying or working abroad is often a compulsory part of a languages student’s degree programme. For many students the year abroad is life-changing.

During the pandemic and since Brexit, this experience has become significantly harder for universities to facilitate. Rejoining the Erasmus+ scheme would make these processes a lot simpler, and more affordable for students.

However, language and intercultural skills are not just important for languages students. Language learning and international mobility go hand in hand in fostering essential qualities such as curiosity, empathy and effective communication. Without a doubt, being immersed in different linguistic and cultural contexts helps you improve your language skills. But importantly, it also creates a deeper understanding of diverse perspectives.

Halting decline

The ongoing decline in language learning in the UK is concerning. Academics and teachers are trying to address this and have been creating initiatives to re-think how we approach language teaching.

For example, I am a member of a group of academics from different universities who have teamed up with teachers to create new types of language learning materials, hoping to inspire students studying for their A-levels.

Fortunately, there have also been political interventions such as the National Consortium for Languages Educationa £15m investment by the Department for Education.

While these developments signal a step in the right direction, the decision not to rejoin Erasmus+ seems to contradict such efforts and is a missed opportunity to prioritise language and intercultural education. To truly ensure equitable access to language learning, further investment is needed, coupled with a renewed commitment to international mobility.

I believe that now is the time to rejoin Erasmus+. It is time to shift our mindset towards valuing language skills and international experiences, ensuring that future generations won’t lose out.

Sascha Stollhans is affiliated with the Linguistics in Modern Foreign Languages project. The related research mentioned in the article was funded by Language Acts and Worldmaking, part of the Arts and Humanities Research Council's Open World Research Initiative, an Impact Accelerator Grant from the University of Bristol and a Research Start-up Grant from the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Newcastle University.

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Spread & Containment

J&J’s AI head jumps to Recursion; Doug Williams resigns as Sana’s R&D chief

Najat Khan
Recursion Pharmaceuticals has poached Najat Khan from Johnson & Johnson, where she led AI efforts at one of healthcare’s giants.
Khan…

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Najat Khan

Recursion Pharmaceuticals has poached Najat Khan from Johnson & Johnson, where she led AI efforts at one of healthcare’s giants.

Khan will serve as chief R&D and commercial officer, along with joining Recursion’s board. The move comes at a critical time for Recursion, as its stock price has fallen 75% since going public in 2021, currently commanding a market capitalization of $1.75 billion. The Utah biotech expects its first Phase 2 readouts later this year for two rare disease drug candidates.

Khan’s hiring comes shortly after the departure of Shafique Virani, Recursion’s former chief business officer. Virani left earlier this year to join Noetik, a biotech startup led by two ex-Recursion scientists.

Khan most recently served as chief data science officer and global head of strategy and portfolio organization for J&J’s Janssen R&D group. Khan earned a PhD in organic chemistry from the University of Pennsylvania and spent about six-and-a-half years at Boston Consulting Group before joining J&J in 2018.

“Najat brings a unique blend of leadership in biological, chemical, and medical sciences, data science, and business,” CEO Chris Gibson said in a statement. “More importantly, she has a vision and passion for transforming drug discovery and development that complements ours and she has a strong sense of urgency to accelerate the industry’s future. We are excited to welcome her as a Recursionaut to drive our portfolio pipeline, as well as create commercial strategies as we continue to industrialize the creation of high impact medicines.”

Khan will earn a $570,000 base salary with the potential for a yearly bonus of up to half her salary. Recursion also agreed to pay a $500,000 sign-on bonus along with an equity package of restricted shares and stock options expected to be valued at $8 million, according to a regulatory filing.

Andrew Dunn


Doug Williams

→ An SEC filing on Thursday indicated that Doug Williams has resigned as Sana Biotechnology’s president of R&D “for personal reasons.” Williams turned the page quickly last April, joining longtime friend Steve Harr at Sana two weeks after Codiak BioSciences filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Data for two allogeneic CAR-T therapies — SC291 and SC262 — are expected later this year at Sana, which decided to concentrate on its ex vivo cell therapies last fall and laid off 29% of its employees.

Corinne Le Goff

Corinne Le Goff resigned from her first CEO gig at Imunon a month ago. Now, she’s back in Peer Review as chief commercial officer of Viatris. Le Goff held the same title at Moderna for only a year, but it was a crucial year for the mRNA biotech during which its Covid-19 vaccine would be administered to millions around the world. Viatris paid $350 million upfront to Idorsia in February for two late-stage candidates — selatogrel for acute myocardial infarction and cenerimod for systemic lupus erythematosus — as the company turns its gaze to product development and away from generics. Scott Smith has been busy constructing the leadership team since he took over at Viatris last April, bringing in former Celgene exec Philippe Martin as chief R&D officer and Doretta Mistras as CFO.

→ Three months into his tenure, Tony Johnson is out as CEO of GPCR biotech Domain Therapeutics. The former Goldfinch Bio chief has been replaced by Sean MacDonald, with no explanation given for the departure. MacDonald just took the CBO job at Domain in February.

Peter DiLaura

Peter DiLaura has been hired away from Sonoma Biotherapeutics to become CEO of South San Francisco-based Initial Therapeutics. Founding chief Spiros Liras, a venture partner at Apple Tree Partners, maintains his seats on the board of directors and scientific advisory board. DiLaura had been Sonoma’s chief business & strategy officer since its February 2020 launch, and he’s the former CEO of Second Genome. Co-founded by UCSF’s Kevan Shokat, Initial scored a $75 million Series A last May as it takes aim at “undruggable” protein targets. “Undruggable is only at a given point in time,” Shokat told Lei Lei Wu. “Hopefully, nothing is undruggable, but we may not have the technology until after a while.”

Brent Warner

Brent Warner wrote in a LinkedIn post that he’s moved on to San Diego-based Protego Biopharma as CEO. Endpoints News featured Warner in last year’s 20(+2) under 40 while he was Poseida’s president, gene therapy; he resigned from the role on April 1. Earlier, Warner spent more than two years with Novartis as VP, gene therapy and rare disease, and led the strategy and execution for the spinal muscular atrophy drug Spinraza at Biogen. There’s been nary a peep from Protego since Lightspeed Venture Partners, Vida Ventures and MPM Capital pitched in on the company’s $51 million Series A in November 2021.

Stacy Lindborg

→ That’s a wrap on Stacy Lindborg’s 15-month tenure as co-CEO of BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, but she’ll still be on the board of directors. Development chief Bob Dagher has also been promoted to CMO. An adcomm recommended the FDA reject BrainStorm’s ALS cell therapy NurOwn by a 17-1 vote, and the company later withdrew the BLA. But BrainStorm has one more card to play, saying earlier this month that it will launch a new Phase 3b study to potentially get the therapy approved in a last-ditch effort.

Nageatte Ibrahim

Nageatte Ibrahim has ended a nearly 10-year career at Merck, to become the oncology CMO for Innovent. Ibrahim was elevated to VP, global clinical development, oncology at Merck in 2021 as the megablockbuster Keytruda continues to rack up approvals across a panoply of indications in the face of an approaching patent cliff. Innovent and Eli Lilly posted positive Phase 3 results in China with mazdutide in the increasingly competitive obesity space, but their PD-1 sintilimab couldn’t pass regulatory muster in the US a couple years ago because of China-only data.

Javier San Martin

→ Based in the Seattle suburb of Bothell, WA, Athira Pharma has recruited Amgen and Lilly alum Javier San Martin as CMO. San Martin ends a four-year run in the RNAi world as CMO of Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, and he was head of global clinical development at Ultragenyx when Crysvita got a green light for patients with a rare disease called X-linked hypophosphatemia. Now he’ll tackle neurodegenerative disorders at Athira, which is testing the small molecule fosgonimeton in Alzheimer’s and the preclinical ATH-1105 in ALS.

Jason Hoitt

Stoke TherapeuticsDravet syndrome data dazzled investors in late March as shares $STOK surged by 118% in two days. With the possibility of an FDA approval for STK-001 in sight, Stoke has welcomed Jason Hoitt as chief commercial officer. Hoitt devised the launch strategy for Tzield while he was chief commercial officer for Provention Bio, which Sanofi bought for $2.9 billion last year. He’s also a Gilead and Vertex marketing vet who served as head of US sales for both Sarepta and Insmed.

Dale Hooks

→ Former Reata Pharmaceuticals execs continue to find new landing spots after selling to Biogen, and Dale Hooks is up next, taking the role of chief commercial officer at Applied Therapeutics. A 10-year Genentech vet in sales and marketing, Hooks led global commercial operations at Reata, which made history with the first-ever approval of a Friedreich’s ataxia drug for Skyclarys in February 2023. Other ex-Reata leaders who have gone elsewhere include accounting chief Bhaskar Anand (to Summit Therapeutics) and CMO Seemi Khan (to Joshua Bogerchaired Alkeus Pharmaceuticals). The FDA said earlier this month it would postpone its decision on Applied’s galactosemia drug govorestat from Aug. 28 to Nov. 28.

Joshua Reed

→ According to an SEC filing, Omega Therapeutics has decided to “terminate” CFO Joshua Reed’s employment, effective May 31. The Bristol Myers Squibb alum will be replaced by Barbara Chen, the Flagship company’s SVP of finance. In its Q4 report from late March, Omega said that it made some adjustments to its pipeline and laid off 35% of its staff.

Yrjö Wichmann

Faron Pharmaceuticals announced its father-to-son CEO transition last week, but there’s another vacancy they’ll have to attend to: The CFO departures in recent weeks haven’t let up as James O’Brien says goodbye “to pursue another career opportunity.” Yrjö Wichmann has returned to Faron on an interim basis after handling CFO duties from 2014-19.

→ Obesity company Xeno Biosciences has not only picked up $1.15 million, but also Dennis Kim as its new CEO. Kim comes to Xeno with a number of CMO stints at CymaBay, Emerald Biosciences and Zafgen. He formerly served as SVP of medical affairs at Orexigen Therapeutics and held a number of roles at Amylin Pharmaceuticals.

Jeffrey Trigilio

Obsidian Therapeutics, the cancer-focused cell and gene therapy player that just pulled in a $160.5 million Series C two weeks ago, has tapped Jeffrey Trigilio as CFO. Trigilio left Cullinan Oncology on March 29 after more than three and a half years as finance chief, and its controller Nate Nguyen is filling in until a successor is named. Cullinan announced its foray into autoimmune diseases (and a name change to Cullinan Therapeutics) this week.

Javelin Biotech has brought in Jacques Banchereau as CSO. Banchereau joins the Woburn, MA-based team after a stint as science chief at Immunai. At Roche, he was CSO, discovery and translational area head of inflammation & virology.

Chris Krueger

→ A month removed from the appointments of president Enoch Kariuki and CFO Vishaal Turakhia, Endeavor BioMedicines has welcomed Chris Krueger as COO. Krueger had held the CBO post at Ventyx Biosciences since its inception and has been an executive with several other companies that Ventyx chief Raju Mohan founded, including Oppilan Pharma and Zomagen Biosciences.

→ Contract manufacturer KBI Biopharma has recruited Jean-Baptiste Agnus as CBO. Agnus was most recently business chief of AGC Biologics. Before that, he was VP, global head of sales and marketing and held a number of roles at Novasep, culminating in his stint as head of business development, CMO services.

Charlotte Marmousez-Tartar

Servier has promoted Charlotte Marmousez-Tartar to EVP, corporate strategy & transformation, and Hani Friedman Bouganim to EVP, manufacturing, quality & supply chain. Marmousez-Tartar joined Servier in 2006 and had been head of the group transformation & programs office since 2021. When she closed out a 16-year career with Teva, Bouganim was VP of operations and general manager of its Ulm and Weiler sites in Germany. She then came to Servier in 2022 as deputy EVP of industrial operations.

Evotec has selected 12-year Novartis vet Aurélie Dalbiez as chief people officer. Before her most recent role as chief human resources officer of Dutch bio-based ingredients company Corbion, Dalbiez was promoted to head of HR, capsules and health ingredients at Lonza.

Kristian Humer

Citi alum Kristian Humer has taken over as CFO of Foghorn Therapeutics, permanently replacing current Prime Medicine finance chief Allan Reine. Humer spent two years as Viridian’s CFO and CBO until a new regime arrived last fall from Magenta Therapeutics. Stephen DiPalma from Danforth Advisors had been interim CFO at Foghorn, which got a boost from Lilly when the Indianapolis pharma said in February that it would send the BRM selective inhibitor FHD-909 into the clinic.

→ UPenn spinout and Peer Review first-timer Vittoria Biotherapeutics has named ex-Iveric Bio COO Keith Westby to the same position. Westby is the latest former Iveric Bio leader to find a new home post-buyout after regulatory and product strategy exec Snehal Shah joined Oculis last week. Vittoria raised $15 million last November to propel its lead CAR-T cell therapy VIPER-101 into clinical trials; it lists Carl June as a scientific advisor and Zenas BioPharma CEO Lonnie Moulder as a member of its board.

Sam Rasty

→ Now under the direction of former Cedilla CEO Alexandra Glucksmann, Sensorium Therapeutics has introduced Sam Rasty as CBO. After three years as COO of Homology Medicines, Rasty was CEO of PlateletBio and a board member at Oxford Biomedica. From 2011-16, Rasty worked for Shire as VP and head of new products.

IO Biotech is appointing Marjan Shamsaei as SVP, commercial development and portfolio lead for its cancer vaccine candidate IO102-IO103. Shamsaei had a 15-year career at Genentech and joins the team from Allogene, where she was head of commercial from 2021-23. IO Biotech said last week that it hired business chief Faiçal Miyara from Ipsen.

Likarda has rolled out the welcome mat for Shelly Adams as chief commercial officer. She most recently served as VP of sales at Erbi Biosystems, part of Millipore Sigma. Adams brings experience from Gallus BioPharmaceuticals, Avecia Biologics and Abzena.

Deborah Dunsire

→ Ex-Lundbeck CEO Deborah Dunsire is now chairing the board at Blackstone biotech Neurvati Neurosciences. Just before Dunsire retired last summer, Lundbeck and Otsuka notched another FDA approval for the antipsychotic Rexulti, this time for agitation associated with Alzheimer’s dementia. She’s also on the boards of Syros Pharmaceuticals and Ultragenyx.

Ramy Farid

→ Biogen co-founder Phillip Sharp and ex-Cubist Pharmaceuticals CEO Rob Perez won’t be up for reelection on Vir Biotechnology’s board of directors, but Marianne De Backer has two potential board members waiting in the wings. Kronos Bio CEO Norbert Bischofberger and Schrödinger CEO Ramy Farid will make their way to the board if they’re elected at Vir’s shareholders meeting on May 29.

Cargo Therapeutics has reserved space for Roche oncology vet Kapil Dhingra on the board of directors. Dhingra chairs the board at Lava Therapeutics, owns a spot on the board of supervisors at Servier, and has board seats at Black Diamond, Replimune and Mariana Oncology. Cargo was the final entrant in biotech’s IPO class of 2023, raising $281 million.

Simba Gill

→ Former Evelo Biosciences chief Simba Gill has been named executive chairman of Serina Therapeutics, a biotech out of Huntsville, AL that has a candidate for early-stage Parkinson’s in the clinic. Evelo shut down last fall after a cascade of trial failures.

Ligand Pharmaceuticals subsidiary Pelthos Therapeutics has assembled its board of directors, starting with CEO Scott Plesha. It also includes Aurinia Pharmaceuticals CEO Peter Greenleaf, Ligand chief Todd Davis, Savara CEO Matt Pauls and Richard Baxter, Ligand’s SVP of investment operations.

→ Last July, Turnstone Biologics rode the IPO train. Now, the company has elected ex-Calithera Biosciences CFO William Waddill to its board of directors, replacing Patrick Machado. Waddill currently sits on the boards of Protagonist Therapeutics, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals and Annexon.

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Government

Conservatives Call For House Hearing On Google Gemini Ahead Of 2024 Election

Conservatives Call For House Hearing On Google Gemini Ahead Of 2024 Election

Authored by Eric Lundrum via American Greatness,

Conservative…

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Conservatives Call For House Hearing On Google Gemini Ahead Of 2024 Election

Authored by Eric Lundrum via American Greatness,

Conservative activists have been calling for the House GOP to hold congressional hearings regarding the threat of Google Gemini, Google’s artificial intelligence (AI) program, and its left-wing biases ahead of the 2024 election.

As reported by Just The News, a letter signed by multiple conservative groups was sent to Congressman Jim Jordan (R-Ohio), Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, this week demanding that Congress take action to investigate possible collusion between Big Tech platforms such as Google and the Biden White House.

“With President Trump the decisive favorite to win in November, it’s clear that Big Tech giants will try to pull the same tricks as last time to throw the election to the Democrats,” the letter reads in part.

“Unfortunately, as tech giants ramp up their crusade against Trump ahead of the 2024 election, 15 new technologies like generative AI will give them even more powerful tools to boost Democrats’ electoral prospects than four years prior,” the letter continues.

“[I]t’s more important than ever for Republicans in Congress to scrutinize Google’s monopolistic AI efforts, particularly given the threat it could pose to election integrity in 2024 and beyond.”

The letter was signed by the leaders of six conservative groups: The New York Young Republican Club, the Bull Moose Project, the American Principles Project, Citizens for Renewing America, American Accountability Foundation Action, and the National Constitutional Law Union.

Jordan has previously ordered Big Tech companies to hand over documents regarding their communication with the Biden Administration, as well as any influence the White House may have had over Google’s development of Gemini.

In addition, the Biden Administration has been hit with multiple lawsuits over its efforts to coerce social media companies into censoring conservative viewpoints, particularly regarding the Chinese Coronavirus and widespread voter fraud in the 2020 election.

Tyler Durden Thu, 04/18/2024 - 21:40

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