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Two Weeks To Flatten Became Eight Months To Change The Election

Two Weeks To Flatten Became Eight Months To Change The Election

Via The Brownstone Institute,

In 1845, Congress established Election Day…

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Two Weeks To Flatten Became Eight Months To Change The Election

Via The Brownstone Institute,

In 1845, Congress established Election Day as the Tuesday after the first Monday of November. The Act sought “to establish a uniform time” for Americans to cast their ballots for president. Historically, voters needed to provide a valid reason – such as illness or military service – to qualify for absentee ballots.

But Covid served as a pretext to overturn that tradition. Just 25% of votes in 2020 occurred at the polls on Election Day. Mail-in voting more than doubled. Key swing states eliminated the need to provide a valid reason to cast absentee ballots. The virus and racial justice became justifications to disregard verification methods like signature requirements.

Rejection rates for absentee ballots plummeted by more than 80% in some states as the Covid regime welcomed an unprecedented increase in mail-in voting. Politicians and media outlets ignored rampant voter fraud in the months leading up to the election. They treated concerns surrounding absentee voting as obscure conspiracy theories despite a bipartisan commission describing it as “the largest source of potential voter fraud” just a decade earlier. 

It is now clear that the overhaul of our election system was a deliberate initiative from the outset of the pandemic response. In March 2020, when the Government’s official policy was still “two weeks to flatten the curve,” the administrative state began instituting the infrastructure to hijack the November presidential election, more than 30 weeks beyond when the Covid response was supposed to end. 

March 2020: The CDC and the CARES Act Meddle in the Election

On March 12, 2020, the CDC issued a recommendation for states and localities to “encourage voters to use voting methods that minimize direct contact with other people,” including “mail-in methods of voting.”

Two weeks later, President Trump signed the $2 trillion CARES Act, which offered states $400 million to re-engineer their election processes for that November. 

At the time, proponents of the CARES Act argued it was necessary to reopen the country. For example, the New York Times argued it was “critical to fund and implement the safety measures necessary to let Americans get back to work, school and play without a recurrence of the virus.”

But political actors immediately plotted ways to use the funds to entrench their power long past the proposed two-week lockdowns. Nearly every swing state announced plans to promote mail-in voting and reduce electoral safeguards in a Congressional report

“Michigan will use the funds to bolster vote by mail,” the report announced. Governor Gretchen Whitmer received $11.3 million from the CARES Act to change election procedures in her state. In November, 57% of Michigan voters (over 3 million people) cast their ballot by mail. For the first time, the state did not require a reason for absentee voting, and mail-in ballots more than doubled. President Trump would go on to lose Michigan by just 150,000 votes.

When Trump signed the CARES Act, just 0.05% of Michigan residents had tested positive for Covid. The state’s political leaders later boasted that their agenda had not been focused on public health. “Even when there’s not a pandemic, once people begin using the absentee ballot process, they’re much more likely to continue to do so in the future,” said Michigan Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson after Election Day.

Pennsylvania received $14.2 million from the CARES Act to address its election process. At the time, the infection rate in the Keystone State was 1 in 6,000 (0.017%). Democratic Governor Tom Wolf’s administration told the federal government it would use its plans to increase absentee voting. In November, 2.5 million Pennsylvanians voted by mail. President Biden won 75% of those votes – a difference of 1.4 million. President Trump lost the state by under 100,000 votes.

The CARES Act provided Wisconsin with over $7 million for election matters. Democratic Governor Tom Evers said the state would use funds to provide “absentee ballot envelopes,” to develop “the statewide voter registration system and online absentee ballot request portal,” and “to account for additional costs” related to mail-in voting.

Governor Evers explained, “Having as many absentee ballots as possible is absolutely a top priority [and] always has been given the emergency we’re in.” Eight months later, 1.9 million of the state’s 3.3 million voters cast their ballot by mail. The rejection rate for absentee ballots plummeted from 1.4% in 2016 to 0.2%. President Biden won Wisconsin by just 20,000 votes. 

Democratic activists were unsatisfied with the $400 million added to the national debt to reshape the elections. Mark Zuckerberg’s foundation offered an additional $300 million. In Time, Molly Ball celebrated the “shadow campaign that saved the 2020 election.” She quoted Amber McReynolds, the president of “nonpartisan National Vote at Home Institute,” who called the government’s reluctance to provide additional funding “a failure at the federal level.” Despite her professed “non-partisanship,” President Biden rewarded her service by appointing her to the Board of the US Postal Service. 

In Time, Ball hailed the mail-in activists’ efforts, which included targeting “Black voters” who may have otherwise “preferred to exercise their franchise in person.” They focused on social media outreach to try to convince people that a “prolonged [vote] count wasn’t a sign of problems.” Their informational warfare may have changed Americans’ perception on mail-in voting, but it could not eradicate the predictable controversies that it created. 

April and May 2020: Voter Fraud Skyrockets

In May 2020, New Jersey held municipal elections and required all voting take place via mail. The State’s third largest city, Paterson, held its election for city council. The results should have been a national scandal that ended the push for mail-in voting.

Shortly after the election, the Postal Service discovered “hundreds of mail-in ballots” in one town mailbox. A Snapchat video showed a man named Abu Razyen illegally handling a stack of ballots he said was for candidate Shanin Khalique. Khalique initially defeated his opponent by just eight votes. A recount found their vote was tied.

Paterson resident Ramona Javier never received her mail-in ballot for the election. Neither did eight of her family members and neighbors, yet they were all listed as having voted. “We did not receive vote-by-mail ballots and thus we did not vote,” she told the press. “This is corruption. This is fraud.”

Election officials rejected 19% of the ballots from Paterson, a city with over 150,000 residents. While Paterson’s election was particularly troublesome, mail-in ballots were problematic across the state. Thirty other New Jersey municipalities held vote-by-mail elections that day, and the average disqualification rate was 9.6%.

New Jersey brought voting fraud charges against City Councilman Michael Jackson, Councilman-Elect Alex Mendez, and two other men for their “criminal conduct involving mail-in ballots during the election.” All four were charged with illegally collecting, procuring, and submitting mail-in ballots.

A state judge later ordered a new vote, finding that the May election “was not the fair, free and full expression of the intent of the voters. It was rife with mail in vote procedural violations constituting nonfeasance and malfeasance.”

Politicians refused to concede that the incident revealed the vulnerability of absentee balloting. Instead, Governor Phil Murphy told the press that the scandal was a good sign. “I view that as a positive data point,” he argued. “Some guys tried to screw around with the system. They got caught by law enforcement. They’ve been indicted. They’ll pay a price.”

Murphy and other allies of Joe Biden ignored the threat, presuming the forces would not hurt their hopes that November. 

In Wisconsin, the April 2020 primary election offered further evidence of the challenges and corruption surrounding mail-in voting. Following the primary, a postal center outside Milwaukee discovered three tubs of absentee ballots that never reached their intended recipients. Fox Point, a village outside Milwaukee, has a population of under 7,000 people. 

Beginning in March, Fox Point received between 20 and 50 undelivered absentee ballots per day. In the weeks leading up to the election, the village manager said that increased to between 100 and 150 ballots per day. On election day, the town received a plastic mail bin with 175 unmailed ballots. “We’re not sure why this happened,” said the village manager. “Nobody seems to be able to tell me why.”

Democrats admitted the system threatened election integrity. “This has all the makings of a Florida 2000 if we have a close race,” said Gordon Hintz, the Democratic minority leader in the Wisconsin State Assembly. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo went further. “It’s a harder system to administer, and obviously it’s a harder system to police writ large,” he said. Cuomo continued, “People showing up, people actually showing ID, is still the easiest system to assure total integrity.”

The Wisconsin primary also featured special elections for the Wisconsin Supreme Court. A liberal judge upset the incumbent conservative justice, and partisans embraced their overhaul of the electoral system. The New York Times reported: “Wisconsin Democrats are working to export their template for success – intense digital outreach and a well-coordinated vote-by-mail operation – to other states in the hope that it will improve the party’s chances in local and statewide elections and in the quest to unseat President Trump in November.”

Despite the corruption, the lost ballots, and the admissions of threats to electoral integrity, the process had been a success in political terms; their candidate had won. The ends had justified the means. Citizens lost faith in their election process, and political leaders readily admitted that their concerns were justified; but the professional politicos and their mouthpiece, the New York Times, characterized the disaster as a “template for success.”

Controversies continued to emerge surrounding mail-in ballots.

In September 2020, a government contractor threw Trump mail-in ballots in the trash in Pennsylvania. ABC News reported that “ballots had been found in a dumpster next to the elections building.” A week later, three trays of mail with absentee ballots were found in a ditch in Wisconsin.

In Nevada, the Reno-Sparks Indian Colony offered gifts, including gift cards, jewelry, and clothing to Native Americans who showed up to vote. Activist Bethany Sam organized the event, where she donned a Biden-Harris mask and stood in front of the Biden-Harris campaign bus.

Voters in California received ballots with no place to vote for president, over 20% of ballots mailed to voters in Teaneck, New Jersey, had the wrong Congressional districts listed, and Franklin County, Ohio reported sending over 100,000 absentee ballots to the wrong address due to an “envelope stuffing error.”

In October, Texas police arrested Carrollton Mayoral Candidate Zul Mirza Mohamed on 109 counts of fraud for forging mail-in ballots. Authorities discovered fraudulent ballots at Mohamed’s residence with fictitious licenses. That same month, a Pennsylvania district attorney charged Lehigh County Elections Judge Everett “Erika” Bickford with “prying into ballots” and altering the entries from a local election that June. That election was decided by just 55 votes.

Reports continued to emerge after the election. The New York Post uncovered election records that showed dead people had cast absentee ballots that November.

California law enforcement arrested two men with a 41-count criminal complaint for allegedly submitting over 8,000 fraudulent voter registration applications on behalf of homeless people. Their goal was to get Carlos Montenegro, one of the defendants, elected Mayor of Hawthorne, a city in Los Angeles County. The state also alleged that Montenegro committed perjury by falsifying names and signatures in his paperwork for his mayoral campaign.

In 2022, a Georgia investigation found more than 1,000 absentee ballots that never left the Cobb County government facility. Two months earlier, mail-in ballots from the 2020 election were discovered in a Baltimore USPS facility. In 2023, Michigan police found hundreds of mail-in ballots from the 2020 election in a township clerk’s storage unit.

All of this was entirely predictable, but perhaps that was the point. From the outset, the Covid regime sought to abolish the safeguards of our election system despite well-known concerns regarding election integrity. 

The United States of Amnesia: Voter Fraud Was Nothing New

The Covid regime’s messaging was clear: only conspiratorial lunatics would question the integrity of an election system that more than doubles its mail-in voting. FBI Director Christopher Wray testified, “We have not seen, historically, any kind of coordinated national voter fraud effort in a major election, whether it’s by mail or otherwise.”

But this wasn’t true. It contradicted long-standing conclusions regarding electoral integrity. Just as the public health apparatus abandoned thousands of years of epidemiological practice to implement lockdowns, the media and elected officials abandoned principles that until that moment had been common sense.

Following the controversy of the 2000 Presidential election, the United States formed a bipartisan Commission on Federal Election Reform. President Jimmy Carter, a Democrat, and former Secretary of State James Baker, a Republican, chaired the group.

After five years of research, the group published its final report – “Building Confidence in U.S. Elections.” It offered a series of recommendations to reduce voter fraud, including enacting voter-ID laws and limiting absentee voting. The commission was unequivocal: “Absentee ballots remain the largest source of potential voter fraud.”

The report continued: “Citizens who vote at home, at nursing homes, at the workplace, or in church are more susceptible to pressure, overt and subtle, or to intimidation. Vote buying schemes are far more difficult to detect when citizens vote by mail.”

The findings were reinforced by subsequent election scandals. 

A 2012 New York Times headline read: “Error and Fraud at Issue as Absentee Voting Rises.” The article made the front page of the paper and echoed the concerns of the Carter-Baker Commission. “Fraud Easier via Mail,” the paper explained.

“You could steal some absentee ballots or stuff a ballot box or bribe an election administrator or fiddle with an electronic voting machine,” said Yale Law professor Heather Gerken. That explains, she said, “why all the evidence of stolen elections involves absentee ballots and the like.”

The Times continued the potential corruption of mail-in ballots. “On the most basic level, absentee voting replaces the oversight that exists at polling places with something akin to an honor system,” the author wrote. The Times then cited US Circuit Court Judge Richard A. Posner: “Absentee voting is to voting in person as a take-home exam is to a proctored one.”

The report went on: “Voters in nursing homes can be subjected to subtle pressure, outright intimidation or fraud. The secrecy of their voting is easily compromised. And their ballots can be intercepted both coming and going.”

Historic controversies supported this consensus. The 1997 Miami mayoral election resulted in 36 arrests for absentee-ballot fraud. A judge voided the results and ordered the city to hold a new election due to “a pattern of fraudulent, intentional, and criminal conduct.” The results were reversed in the subsequent election.

Following Dallas’s 2017 City Council race, authorities sequestered 700 mail-in ballots signed “Jose Rodriguez.” Elderly voters alleged that party activists had forged their signatures on their mail-in ballots. Miguel Hernandez later pled guilty to the crime of forging their signatures after collecting unfilled ballots, and using them to support his candidate of choice.

The following year, it appeared that Republic Mark Harris defeated Democrat Dan McCready in a North Carolina congressional race. Election officials noticed irregularities in the mail-in votes and refused to certify the election, citing evidence and “claims of…concerted fraudulent activities.” The state ordered a special election the following year.

In 2018, the Democratic National Commission challenged an Arizona law that set safeguards around absentee voting, including limiting who could handle mail-in ballots. US District Judge Douglas L. Rayes, an Obama appointee, upheld the law. “Indeed, mail-in ballots by their very nature are less secure than ballots cast in person at polling locations,” he wrote. He found that “the prevention of voter fraud and preservation of public confidence in election integrity” were important state interests and cited the Carter-Baker Commission’s finding that “Absentee ballots remain the largest source of potential voter fraud.”

The rest of the world recognized the obvious threat that mail-in voting poses to election integrity. In 1975, France banned postal ballots after rampant voter fraud. Ballots were cast with the names of dead Frenchmen, and political activists in Corsica stole ballots and bribed voters. 

In 1991, Mexico mandated voter photo IDs and banned absentee ballots after the Institutional Revolutionary Party repeatedly committed fraud to maintain power. In Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, and the United Kingdom, photo ID is required to get an absentee ballot.

In August 2020, economist John Lott analyzed how Covid was being used as a pretext to overhaul electoral standards in the United States. He wrote

Thirty-seven states have so far changed their mail-in voting procedures this year in response to the Coronavirus. Despite frequent claims that President Trump’s warning about vote fraud/voting buying with mail-in ballots is “baselessly” or “without evidence” about mail-in vote fraud, there are numerous examples of vote fraud and vote buying with mail-in ballots in the United States and across the world. Indeed, concerns over vote fraud and vote buying with mail-in ballots causes the vast majority of countries to ban mail-in voting unless the citizen is living abroad.

There are fraud problems with mail-in absentee ballots but the problems with universal mail-in ballots are much more significant. Still most countries ban even absentee ballots for people living in their countries.

Most developed countries ban absentee ballots unless the citizen is living abroad or require Photo-IDs to obtain those ballots. Even higher percentages of European Union or other European countries ban absentee for in country voters.

Political actors treated opposition to absentee balloting with scorn while ignoring its history of corruption. Mail-in voting may have been the decisive factor in the 2020 election, but Trump and his allies searched for other explanations to avoid his complicity in signing the CARES Act. 

The Trump campaign promised to produce “irrefutable” evidence that proved Trump won the election “in a landslide.” “I’m going to release the Kraken,” one Trump election lawyer told Lou Dobbs in November 2020. President Trump and Rudy Giuliani tweeted blame at Dominion voting machines. Sean Hannity said privately that Giuliani was “acting like an insane person.” 

Two days later, he told viewers about a “software error” from Dominion that “wrongfully awarded Joe Biden thousands of ballots that were cast for President Trump, until the problem was amazingly fixed.” In August 2023, Trump announced that he would release an “irrefutable report” demonstrating voter fraud in Georgia. He canceled the announcement two days later.

In the process, they ignored a far more obvious explanation.

Presidential elections in the 21st century have been decided by an average of 44 electoral votes. Pennsylvania, Georgia, Michigan, and Wisconsin offer a combined 62 votes in the Electoral College.

Under the pretext of Covid, states abolished their electoral safeguards.

They turned Election Day into a month of voting.

After prominent Democrats refused to certify the 2000, 2004, and 2016 elections, the victors chastised any concerns for electoral integrity as attacks on democracy.

This is all theater. From the outset of the pandemic response, the liberalization of voting rules was integral, all justified based on nonscientific grounds while invoking the cover of science. It wasn’t stopping disease spread that drove the dramatic upheaval in the American system of voting that has caused such widespread distrust. It was the drive for a result different from one that swept the country four years earlier. 

Tyler Durden Tue, 04/02/2024 - 14:00

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International

From lab to legislation: How research shapes health policies in Latin America

A study reveals significant insights into the influence of health education and literacy research on policy-making across Latin America and the Caribbean….

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A study reveals significant insights into the influence of health education and literacy research on policy-making across Latin America and the Caribbean. Spearheaded by a multidisciplinary team, this research addresses the crucial gap between scientific evidence and its practical application in public health policies.

Health literacy and education are pivotal for shaping effective health policies, yet the integration of research findings into policy-making processes remains a challenge. Prior studies indicate a disconnect between academic research and its practical policy implications, underscoring the need for enhanced communication and collaboration between researchers and policy-makers.

A recent study (DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024017) published in AIMS Public Health on March 18, 2024, reveals that the integration of health education research findings into policy documents in Latin America and the Caribbean is significantly influenced by the strength of scientific evidence, the timeliness of dissemination, and social media activity.

The research meticulously combined quantitative data, including altmetric scores and policy document citations, with qualitative insights from interviews with health policymakers in Peru. Through this multifaceted approach, it was discovered that the timing of research dissemination plays a crucial role; studies that were promptly shared with the public and policymakers had a higher chance of influencing health policies. Moreover, the strength and reliability of the research evidence were found to significantly affect its policy impact, with robust findings being more likely to be utilized in policy formation. Interestingly, the study also highlighted the emerging role of social media as a powerful channel for researchers to amplify their findings’ reach and engagement with policymakers. This blend of traditional and modern dissemination methods underscores a paradigm shift in how research influences health policy, pointing towards a more interconnected and responsive future in health policymaking.

Lead researcher Carlos Vílchez-Román emphasized, “Our study not only highlights the importance of timely, strong scientific evidence in informing health policies but also sheds light on the critical role of social media in disseminating research findings to policy-makers.”

This research underscores the critical intersection between scientific research and health policy-making in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting the pivotal role of evidence strength, timely dissemination, and social media in bridging the gap. It provides actionable strategies for researchers and policymakers, aiming to improve health outcomes through more informed, effective policy decisions.

Credit: AIMS Public Health

A study reveals significant insights into the influence of health education and literacy research on policy-making across Latin America and the Caribbean. Spearheaded by a multidisciplinary team, this research addresses the crucial gap between scientific evidence and its practical application in public health policies.

Health literacy and education are pivotal for shaping effective health policies, yet the integration of research findings into policy-making processes remains a challenge. Prior studies indicate a disconnect between academic research and its practical policy implications, underscoring the need for enhanced communication and collaboration between researchers and policy-makers.

A recent study (DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2024017) published in AIMS Public Health on March 18, 2024, reveals that the integration of health education research findings into policy documents in Latin America and the Caribbean is significantly influenced by the strength of scientific evidence, the timeliness of dissemination, and social media activity.

The research meticulously combined quantitative data, including altmetric scores and policy document citations, with qualitative insights from interviews with health policymakers in Peru. Through this multifaceted approach, it was discovered that the timing of research dissemination plays a crucial role; studies that were promptly shared with the public and policymakers had a higher chance of influencing health policies. Moreover, the strength and reliability of the research evidence were found to significantly affect its policy impact, with robust findings being more likely to be utilized in policy formation. Interestingly, the study also highlighted the emerging role of social media as a powerful channel for researchers to amplify their findings’ reach and engagement with policymakers. This blend of traditional and modern dissemination methods underscores a paradigm shift in how research influences health policy, pointing towards a more interconnected and responsive future in health policymaking.

Lead researcher Carlos Vílchez-Román emphasized, “Our study not only highlights the importance of timely, strong scientific evidence in informing health policies but also sheds light on the critical role of social media in disseminating research findings to policy-makers.”

This research underscores the critical intersection between scientific research and health policy-making in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting the pivotal role of evidence strength, timely dissemination, and social media in bridging the gap. It provides actionable strategies for researchers and policymakers, aiming to improve health outcomes through more informed, effective policy decisions.

###

References

DOI

10.3934/publichealth.2024017

Original Source URL

https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2024017

Funding information

This study is part of the research project Literacy under Covid-19 in Viñani/Alfabetización en Salud en Viñani (ALSAVI) in Tacna-Peru (https://alsavi.org/ and https://www.mmu.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/story/?id=15815) (accessed 15 February 2024). This project is funded by the Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna, Peru, via the Canon Minero aid research program. Funding institution: Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann (UNJBG).

About AIMS Public Health

AIMS Public Health is Open Access and an international quarterly publication devoted to publishing peer-reviewed, high quality, original papers in the field of public health. We publish the following article types: original research articles, reviews, editorials, letters, and conference reports. All published papers will be indexed in Web of Science (ESCI), Scopus and PMC.


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Director of Lululemon Purchases Shares After Large Drop – Insider Weekends

Key Insights:

Lululemon Athletica (NASDAQ: LULU) is one of the more popular athletic apparel brands that sells clothing for yoga, running, training, and…

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Key Insights:

  • Lululemon Athletica (NASDAQ: LULU) is one of the more popular athletic apparel brands that sells clothing for yoga, running, training, and other activities.
  • The company recently saw a big dip in stock price after full-year guidance fell short of analyst and consensus estimates, though this could be an opportunity for investors.
  • Lululemon has grown greatly over the last few years and quarters, and also had a very strong fiscal 2023 – with net revenue for the year increasing by 19% to $9.6 billion.
  • The company boasts attractive margins (a gross profit margin of 58.31% and a net income margin of 16.12% trumping many competitors) and maintains a strong balance sheet with cash and cash equivalents of $2.2 billion and total liabilities of $2.86 billion ($1.15 billion of which are capital leases)
  • Following this drop in stock price, Chair of the Board Martha Morfitt (who has served on the board since 2008) purchased shares for the first time since 2021

Lululemon Athletica Inc. (LULU): $390.65

Market Cap: $49.23B

Enterprise Value: $48.38B

Lululemon Athletica (LULU) is one of the more popular athletic apparel brands that sells clothing for yoga, running, training, and other activities. Lululemon has taken the higher-end athleisure market by storm and investors have reacted enthusiastically – driving the stock price up by over 60% in 2023.

The Canadian company was founded in 1998 as a manufacturer of women's yoga pants, but has largely expanded its product offerings to various forms of apparel, accessories, and personal care products. With 711 stores across the globe, Lululemon is focused on global expansion while maintaining their high quality of goods – opening 25 net new stores during the fourth quarter of 2023. Thirteen of these stores were opened in mainland China, 7 in the US, and 5 others in the rest of the world.

Lululemon Growth

The company had a strong fiscal 2023 (ended January 28, 2024), with net revenue for the year increasing by 19% to $9.6 billion (compared to fiscal 2022). Comparable sales also increased by 13% – with mainland China comparable sales increasing by 39%, Americas comparable sales increasing by 8%, and the rest of the world comparable sales increasing by 32%. Gross profit increased by 25% to a strong $5.6 billion and net income grew by 81.4 % to $1.55 billion. In fiscal 2023, the company also announced a partnership with the exercise machinery company Peloton Inc. (NASDAQ: PTON), becoming their primary apparel provider.

Lululemon's Revenue Breakdown by Region

Lululemon's Revenue Breakdown by Region

Lululemon also has relatively strong margins compared to its competitors – a gross profit margin of 58.31% and a net income margin of 16.12% trumps similar athletic apparel companies like Nike Inc. (NYSE: NKE), which has a gross profit and net income margins of 44.30% and 10.14% respectively. The company's balance sheet is also fairly attractive, with total inventories in Q4 2023 decreasing 9% to $1.3 billion compared to Q4 2022 – a good sign, especially considering that the fourth quarter of the year is typically when retailers end up with excess inventory after ramping up for the holidays. Cash and cash equivalents were also $2.2 billion at the end of Q4 2023, which is especially attractive considering total liabilities are $2.86 billion – $1.15 billion of which are capital leases.

Despite these strong results, the company took a hit in recent weeks after full-year guidance fell below analyst and investor expectations. The company expected Q1 2024 revenue to fall between $2.18 billion to $2.20 billion, versus the $2.26 billion consensus and full-year revenue to be between $10.7 billion and $10.8 billion, as opposed to the $11 billion consensus. This dip in stock price is likely what convinced Chair of the Board Martha Morfitt to purchase shares.

The last time Ms. Morfitt purchased shares was in June 2021, when the stock was trading at roughly $330 a share. Since then, the stock price has seen a high of over $500 (at which point many insiders of the company, such as the CFO, CEO, and Chief Brand Officer, began to sell shares) but Ms. Morfitt only purchased shares once more when the stock price settled back at roughly $389 a share.

We always like to see purchases by insiders that have been with a company for a long period of time and Ms. Morfitt has served on Lululemon's board since December 2008, observing the company operate through the Great Recession and the pandemic. Ms. Morfitt also serves as a principal of River Rock Partners, a business and cultural transformation consulting firm, and is a Director of the fluid handling systems and components company Graco Inc. (NYSE: GGG) and the haircare company Olaplex Inc. (NASDAQ: OLPX).

The recent dip in Lululemon's stock price has made the company fairly attractive to us, although it does remain expensive with a P/E of 32.02. Despite the guidance not meeting consensus estimates, the company still expects growth over the next few quarters and years, and if they can maintain their favorable margins and balance sheet, the company is well positioned for the future. While we won't start a position in the company immediately, we may revisit it for an upcoming mid-month or monthly newsletter idea.

Editor's Note: Tamanna Suria contributed to this article.


Welcome to edition 727 of Insider Weekends. Insider buying increased last week; with insiders purchasing $110.06 million of stock compared to $74.12 million in the week prior. Selling declined sharply to $ 1.94 billion compared to $3.29 billion in the week prior.

Sell/Buy Ratio: The Insider Sell/Buy ratio is calculated by dividing the total insider sales in a given week by the total insider purchases that week. The adjusted ratio dropped notably to 17.65 . In other words, insiders sold almost 18 times as much stock as they purchased. This week again the Sell/Buy ratio was favorable; compared to the prior week when the ratio stood at 44.5.

Notable Insider Buys:

1. Snowflake Inc. (NYSE: SNOW): $161.6

Chief Executive Officer Sridhar Ramaswamy acquired 31,542 shares of this cloud-based data warehousing company, paying $158.52 per share for a total amount of $5.00 million.

While not revealed in the Form 4 filing, as you can see from the second page of his employment agreement, the new CEO of Snowflake will receive an additional RSU grant of $5 million if he purchases $5 million worth of stock in the open market.

P/E: N/A Forward P/E: 200 Industry P/E: 28.95
P/S: 18.89 Price/Book: 10.43 EV/EBITDA: -51.75
Market Cap: $54.01B Avg. Daily Volume: 7,138,344 52 Week Range: $135.26 – $237.72

2. Lululemon Athletica Inc. (LULU): $390.65

Director Martha A. Morfitt acquired 3,700 shares of this premium athletic apparel company, paying $389.05 per share for a total amount of $1.44 million.

P/E: 32.02 Forward P/E: 27.62 Industry P/E: 18.32
P/S: 5.16 Price/Book: 11.63 EV/EBITDA: 18.71
Market Cap: $49.23B Avg. Daily Volume: 1,670,301 52 Week Range: $326.93 – $516.39

3. OmniAb Inc (NASDAQ: OABI): $5.42

President and CEO Matthew W. Foehr acquired 225,000 shares of this biotechnology company, paying $5.19 per share for a total amount of $1.17 million. Mr. Foehr increased his stake by 8.38% to 2,908,803 shares with this purchase.

P/E: N/A Forward P/E: N/A Industry P/E: 34.41
P/S: 15.81 Price/Book: 2.02 EV/EBITDA: -11.49
Market Cap: $634.82M Avg. Daily Volume: 444,785 52 Week Range: $3.14 – $6.72

4. Grocery Outlet Holding Corp (NASDAQ: GO): $28.78

Director Erik D. Ragatz acquired 36,500 shares of this discount grocery retail chain, paying $28.25 per share for a total amount of $1.03 million.

P/E: 36.43 Forward P/E: 24.45 Industry P/E: 20.37
P/S: 0.73 Price/Book: 2.34 EV/EBITDA: 19.24
Market Cap: $2.86B Avg. Daily Volume: 1,258,711 52 Week Range: $23.41 – $36.54

5. Summit Therapeutics Inc. (NASDAQ: SMMT): $4.14

Shares of this biopharmaceutical company were acquired by 2 insiders:

  • Chief Executive Officer Mahkam Zanganeh acquired 110,321 shares, paying $3.73 per share for a total amount of $411,094. Mr. Zanganeh increased his stake by 0.44% to 24,923,800 shares with this purchase.
  • Chief Financial Officer Ankur Dhingra acquired 100,000 shares, paying $3.75 per share for a total amount of $375,000.
P/E: N/A Forward P/E: N/A Industry P/E: 34.41
P/S: N/A Price/Book: 37.39 EV/EBITDA: -4.74
Market Cap: $2.91B Avg. Daily Volume: 2,353,080 52 Week Range: $1.3 – $5.22

Notable Insider Sales:

1. Meta Platforms Inc. (NASDAQ: META): $485.58

Shares of Meta were sold by 3 insiders:

  • COB and CEO Mark Zuckerberg sold 386,636 shares for $503.79, generating $194.78 million from the sale. A majority of these shares were sold through the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Foundation.
  • Chief Legal Officer Jennifer Newstead sold 585 shares for $505.29, generating $295,595 from the sale.
  • Chief Operating Officer Javier Olivan sold 490 shares for $507.00, generating $248,430 from the sale.
P/E: 32.66 Forward P/E: 24.15 Industry P/E: 19.35
P/S: 9.46 Price/Book: 8.08 EV/EBITDA: 20.49
Market Cap: $1.24T Avg. Daily Volume: 17,913,614 52 Week Range: $207.13 – $523.57

2. Autozone Inc. (NYSE: AZO): $3151.65

Executive Chairman William C. Rhodes sold 18,751 shares of this specialty automotive retail company for $3189.77, generating $59.81 million from the sale.

P/E: 22.24 Forward P/E: 20.75 Industry P/E: 18.32
P/S: 3.25 Price/Book: N/A EV/EBITDA: 15.71
Market Cap: $54.53B Avg. Daily Volume: 161,670 52 Week Range: $2 – $3

3. Microstrategy Inc. (NASDAQ: MSTR): $1704.56

Executive Chairman Michael J. Saylor sold 25,000 shares of this business intelligence software company for $1776.62, generating $44.42 million from the sale.

P/E: 64.52 Forward P/E: 1.25 Industry P/E: 28.95
P/S: 56.9 Price/Book: 13.36 EV/EBITDA: -509.85
Market Cap: $28.92B Avg. Daily Volume: 2,304,021 52 Week Range: $266 – $1

4. Arista Networks Inc. (NYSE: ANET): $289.98

President and CEO Jayshree Ullal sold 111,500 shares of this leading networking technology company for $299.70, generating $33.42 million from the sale.

P/E: 44.07 Forward P/E: 38.76 Industry P/E: 28.95
P/S: 15.69 Price/Book: 12.56 EV/EBITDA: 37.05
Market Cap: $90.66B Avg. Daily Volume: 2,496,068 52 Week Range: $131.68 – $307.74

5. Salesforce Inc (NYSE: CRM): $301.18

Shares of this cloud-based software company were sold by 6 insiders:

  • Chair and CEO Marc Benioff sold 75,000 shares for $304.61, generating $22.85 million from the sale.
  • Co-Founder and CTO, Slack Parker Harris sold 5,142 shares for $306.31, generating $1.58 million from the sale. These shares were sold as a result of exercising options immediately prior to the sale.
  • President and COO Brian Millham sold 3,342 shares for $306.47, generating $1.02 million from the sale.
  • President and CFO Amy E. Weaver sold 942 shares for $305.46, generating $287,741 from the sale.
  • Pres/Chief Engineering Officer Srinivas Tallapragada sold 942 shares for $305.46, generating $287,741 from the sale.
  • EVP & Chief Accounting Officer Sundeep G. Reddy sold 66 shares for $305.46, generating $20,160 from the sale.
P/E: 71.71 Forward P/E: 30.96 Industry P/E: 28.95
P/S: 8.5 Price/Book: 4.9 EV/EBITDA: 29.18
Market Cap: $292.14B Avg. Daily Volume: 5,766,177 52 Week Range: $187.31 – $318.71
SYMBOL OWNER RELATIONSHIP DATE COST # SHARES VALUE($) TOTAL SHARES FILING
SNOW Total Purchased by All Insiders: $5.00 million
  Ramaswamy Sridhar Chief Executive Officer Mar 25, 2024 $158.52 31,542 5,000,038 31,542 Mar 27, 04:14 PM
OABI Total Purchased by All Insiders: $1.17 million
  FOEHR MATTHEW W President and CEO Mar 22, 2024 $5.19 225,000 1,167,750 2,908,803 Mar 25, 07:07 AM
BRT Total Purchased by All Insiders: $827,582
  GOULD JEFFREY PRESIDENT AND CEO Mar 27, 2024 $16.05 3,300 52,949 3,551,173 Mar 29, 04:20 PM
  GOULD MATTHEW J SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT Mar 27, 2024 $16.05 3,300 52,949 3,551,173 Mar 29, 04:20 PM
  GOULD JEFFREY PRESIDENT AND CEO Mar 26, 2024 $16.14 11,200 180,753 3,547,873 Mar 27, 04:20 PM
  GOULD MATTHEW J SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT Mar 26, 2024 $16.14 11,200 180,753 3,547,873 Mar 27, 04:20 PM
  GOULD JEFFREY PRESIDENT AND CEO Mar 25, 2024 $16.48 4,275 70,443 3,536,673 Mar 27, 04:20 PM
  GOULD MATTHEW J SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT Mar 25, 2024 $16.48 4,275 70,443 3,536,673 Mar 27, 04:20 PM
  GOULD JEFFREY PRESIDENT AND CEO Mar 22, 2024 $16.26 3,471 56,450 3,532,398 Mar 27, 04:20 PM
  GOULD MATTHEW J SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT Mar 22, 2024 $16.26 3,471 56,450 3,532,398 Mar 27, 04:20 PM
  GOULD JEFFREY PRESIDENT AND CEO Mar 19, 2024 $16.25 991 16,105 3,528,927 Mar 27, 04:20 PM
  GOULD MATTHEW J SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT Mar 19, 2024 $16.25 991 16,105 3,528,927 Mar 27, 04:20 PM
  GOULD JEFFREY PRESIDENT AND CEO Mar 18, 2024 $16.29 2,277 37,091 3,527,936 Mar 27, 04:20 PM
  GOULD MATTHEW J SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT Mar 18, 2024 $16.29 2,277 37,091 3,527,936 Mar 27, 04:20 PM
SMMT Total Purchased by All Insiders: $786,094
  Zanganeh Mahkam Chief Executive Officer Mar 27, 2024 $3.72 34,321 127,674 24,923,800 Mar 27, 08:28 PM
  Zanganeh Mahkam Chief Executive Officer Mar 27, 2024 $3.71 20,000 74,200 50,000 Mar 27, 08:28 PM
  Zanganeh Mahkam Chief Executive Officer Mar 27, 2024 $3.72 26,000 96,720 520,814 Mar 27, 08:28 PM
  Zanganeh Mahkam Chief Executive Officer Mar 26, 2024 $3.75 30,000 112,500 30,000 Mar 27, 08:28 PM
  Dhingra Ankur Chief Financial Officer Mar 26, 2024 $3.75 100,000 375,000 354,958 Mar 27, 08:27 PM
PX Total Purchased by All Insiders: $459,250
  Jensen Richard J. EVP, Head of Strategy and M&A Mar 27, 2024 $8.35 55,000 459,250 55,000 Mar 28, 06:23 PM
EPSN Total Purchased by All Insiders: $191,447
  Stabell Jason Chief Executive Officer Mar 27, 2024 $5.25 17,966 94,322 361,200 Mar 28, 12:00 PM
  Stabell Jason Chief Executive Officer Mar 26, 2024 $5.25 18,500 97,125 343,234 Mar 28, 12:00 PM
HROW Total Purchased by All Insiders: $104,310
  BAUM MARK L CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER Mar 22, 2024 $11.59 9,000 104,310 2,137,525 Mar 25, 07:00 AM
WLKP Total Purchased by All Insiders: $93,737
  Kenner Andrew SVP, Olefin Material & Corp Pr Mar 21, 2024 $22.16 4,230 93,737 145,839 Mar 25, 10:17 AM
MG Total Purchased by All Insiders: $90,000
  Stamatakis Manuel N. Interim President and CEO Nov 7, 2023 $6.00 15,000 90,000 233,599 Mar 27, 04:16 PM
SGMT Total Purchased by All Insiders: $63,731
  Happel David President & CEO Mar 26, 2024 $5.27 12,100 63,731 639,200 Mar 28, 04:08 PM
RWAY Total Purchased by All Insiders: $59,400
  SPRENG R DAVID President and CEO Mar 21, 2024 $11.88 5,000 59,400 64,532 Mar 25, 06:33 PM
GLSI Total Purchased by All Insiders: $49,950
  Patel Snehal CEO and CFO Mar 22, 2024 $19.98 2,500 49,950 5,347,777 Mar 26, 06:05 AM
MIRM Total Purchased by All Insiders: $49,600
  BJERKHOLT ERIC CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER Mar 27, 2024 $24.80 2,000 49,600 14,000 Mar 27, 08:47 PM
DERM Total Purchased by All Insiders: $34,790
  Maraoui Claude President & CEO Mar 22, 2024 $3.48 10,000 34,790 2,163,430 Mar 25, 04:03 PM
HLF Total Purchased by All Insiders: $25,835
  Wang Henry C EVP, General Counsel Mar 26, 2024 $9.30 2,778 25,835 176,194 Mar 27, 07:31 PM
OCUP Total Purchased by All Insiders: $25,100
  SCHACHLE JOSEPH K Chief Operating Officer Mar 21, 2024 $2.05 2,000 4,100 2,000 Mar 25, 04:44 PM
  Jhaveri Nirav S. Chief Financial Officer Mar 21, 2024 $2.10 10,000 21,000 150,000 Mar 25, 04:40 PM
CION Total Purchased by All Insiders: $17,668
  Gatto Mark Co-Chairman & Co-CEO Mar 27, 2024 $11.02 50 551 50 Mar 29, 10:55 AM
  Gatto Mark Co-Chairman & Co-CEO Mar 27, 2024 $11.02 50 551 50 Mar 29, 10:55 AM
  Gatto Mark Co-Chairman & Co-CEO Mar 27, 2024 $11.02 50 551 50 Mar 29, 10:55 AM
  Gatto Mark Co-Chairman & Co-CEO Mar 27, 2024 $11.02 1,000 11,020 1,000 Mar 29, 10:55 AM
  Reisner Michael A Co-Chairman & Co-CEO Mar 25, 2024 $10.65 469 4,995 43,753 Mar 26, 11:38 AM
COMM Total Purchased by All Insiders: $14,500
  Lorentzen Kyle David EVP & CFO Mar 27, 2024 $1.25 11,600 14,500 712,475 Mar 29, 03:06 PM
IMRX Total Purchased by All Insiders: $14,024
  Brakewood Harold Eugene Chief Business Officer Mar 22, 2024 $2.57 3,900 10,015 3,900 Mar 25, 09:10 AM
  Morales Mallory Chief Accounting Officer Mar 22, 2024 $2.55 393 1,000 8,278 Mar 25, 09:04 AM
  Morales Mallory Chief Accounting Officer Mar 21, 2024 $2.72 1,107 3,009 7,885 Mar 25, 09:04 AM
RVP Total Purchased by All Insiders: $10,392
  SHAW THOMAS J PRESIDENT AND CEO Mar 26, 2024 $1.18 5,096 6,024 14,283,545 Mar 27, 03:48 PM
  SHAW THOMAS J PRESIDENT AND CEO Mar 25, 2024 $1.21 3,612 4,368 14,278,449 Mar 26, 11:33 AM
EDSA Total Purchased by All Insiders: $10,000
  Nijhawan Pardeep Chief Executive Officer Mar 25, 2024 $4.00 2,500 10,000 341,702 Mar 25, 07:00 PM
MDV Total Purchased by All Insiders: $7,084
  Halfacre Aaron Scott CEO and President Mar 25, 2024 $15.92 445 7,084 75,504 Mar 27, 01:53 PM
GLBZ Total Purchased by All Insiders: $6,850
  Hanna Mark Christopher President and CEO Mar 22, 2024 $5.50 700 3,850 1,700 Mar 25, 09:58 AM
  Hanna Mark Christopher President and CEO Mar 14, 2024 $6.00 500 3,000 2,200 Mar 26, 10:27 AM
DXR Total Purchased by All Insiders: $6,525
  Michel Robert J Chief Financial Officer Mar 27, 2024 $8.70 750 6,525 11,300 Mar 27, 01:35 PM
PRPL Total Purchased by All Insiders: $6,061
  Ulrich George Turner Principal Accounting Officer Mar 22, 2024 $1.52 4,000 6,061 16,874 Mar 26, 08:00 AM
ISDR Total Purchased by All Insiders: $6,035
  BALBIRNIE BRIAN R Director, CEO Mar 22, 2024 $12.07 500 6,035 619,521 Mar 25, 04:06 PM
AE Total Purchased by All Insiders: $5,406
  Harrison Wade M President, Service Transport Mar 26, 2024 $26.99 48 1,296 3,306 Mar 26, 05:04 PM
  Roycraft Kevin J. CEO & President Mar 26, 2024 $27.40 150 4,110 9,362 Mar 26, 05:02 PM
PHX Total Purchased by All Insiders: $3,220
  True Chad Principal Accounting Officer Mar 26, 2024 $3.22 1,000 3,220 74,020 Mar 26, 01:59 PM
BNZI Total Purchased by All Insiders: $1,344
  Davy Joseph P. Chief Executive Officer Feb 23, 2024 $0.80 500 400 4,398 Mar 26, 08:14 PM
  Davy Joseph P. Chief Executive Officer Feb 22, 2024 $0.94 500 472 3,898 Mar 26, 08:14 PM
  Davy Joseph P. Chief Executive Officer Feb 21, 2024 $0.94 500 472 3,398 Mar 26, 08:14 PM
RZLT Total Purchased by All Insiders: $1,275
  ROBERTS BRIAN KENNETH Chief Medical Officer Mar 28, 2024 $2.55 500 1,275 1,076 Mar 29, 11:08 AM
BCDA;BCDAW Total Purchased by All Insiders: $195
  Altman Peter President and CEO Mar 28, 2024 $0.39 500 195 555,947 Mar 28, 07:33 PM
SYMBOL OWNER RELATIONSHIP DATE COST # SHARES VALUE($) TOTAL SHARES FILING
ORCL Total Sold by All Insiders: $347.82 million
  CATZ SAFRA Chief Executive Officer Mar 27, 2024 $125.90 810,000 101,978,863 1,174,209 Mar 27, 07:02 PM
  CATZ SAFRA Chief Executive Officer Mar 26, 2024 $126.54 790,000 99,970,313 1,118,592 Mar 27, 07:02 PM
  CATZ SAFRA Chief Executive Officer Mar 25, 2024 $126.84 1,150,000 145,867,838 1,181,625 Mar 27, 07:02 PM
META Total Sold by All Insiders: $195.31 million
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 27, 2024 $494.27 31,493 15,566,156 29,546 Mar 27, 08:57 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 27, 2024 $493.89 32,570 16,086,087 668,236 Mar 27, 08:55 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 27, 2024 $494.07 12,925 6,385,815 11,725 Mar 27, 08:55 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 26, 2024 $503.31 31,493 15,850,749 30,374 Mar 27, 08:39 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 26, 2024 $502.99 13,125 6,601,687 12,684 Mar 27, 08:33 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 26, 2024 $502.85 32,794 16,490,370 669,543 Mar 27, 08:33 PM
  Newstead Jennifer Chief Legal Officer Mar 26, 2024 $505.29 585 295,595 39,568 Mar 27, 08:24 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 25, 2024 $503.92 32,794 16,525,675 670,378 Mar 27, 08:28 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 25, 2024 $504.20 31,493 15,878,874 30,893 Mar 27, 08:28 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 25, 2024 $504.01 13,125 6,615,069 12,925 Mar 27, 08:28 PM
  Olivan Javier Chief Operating Officer Mar 22, 2024 $507.00 490 248,430 9,049 Mar 26, 06:29 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 22, 2024 $507.41 32,794 16,640,061 664,882 Mar 25, 06:14 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 22, 2024 $507.43 31,493 15,980,501 25,739 Mar 25, 06:14 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 22, 2024 $507.64 13,125 6,662,837 8,813 Mar 25, 06:14 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 21, 2024 $509.64 13,125 6,688,961 12,238 Mar 25, 06:09 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 21, 2024 $510.00 32,794 16,725,063 669,704 Mar 25, 06:09 PM
  Zuckerberg Mark COB and CEO Mar 21, 2024 $510.12 31,493 16,065,074 28,862 Mar 25, 06:09 PM
COP Total Sold by All Insiders: $83.54 million
  Olds Nicholas G Executive Vice President Mar 25, 2024 $126.44 12,150 1,536,280 14,522 Mar 26, 04:30 PM
  Lance Ryan Michael Chairman and CEO Mar 25, 2024 $125.91 607,000 76,426,826 6,780 Mar 26, 04:30 PM
  Bullock William L. Jr. Executive Vice President & CFO Mar 22, 2024 $123.32 45,200 5,574,276 44,153 Mar 25, 04:10 PM
AZO Total Sold by All Insiders: $59.88 million
  RHODES WILLIAM C III Executive Chairman Mar 26, 2024 $3190.49 6,700 21,376,305 21,157 Mar 26, 04:27 PM
  RHODES WILLIAM C III Executive Chairman Mar 26, 2024 $3187.48 2,800 8,924,952 24,757 Mar 26, 04:26 PM
  RHODES WILLIAM C III Executive Chairman Mar 25, 2024 $3197.51 9,251 29,580,165 24,587 Mar 26, 04:26 PM
MSTR Total Sold by All Insiders: $44.44 million
  SAYLOR MICHAEL J Executive Chairman Mar 28, 2024 $1927.86 1,027 1,979,909 927 Mar 29, 04:05 PM
  SAYLOR MICHAEL J Executive Chairman Mar 28, 2024 $1743.88 3,973 6,928,448 4,900 Mar 29, 04:04 PM
  SAYLOR MICHAEL J Executive Chairman Mar 27, 2024 $1948.55 1,140 2,221,350 1,040 Mar 28, 04:10 PM
  SAYLOR MICHAEL J Executive Chairman Mar 27, 2024 $1909.70 3,860 7,371,447 4,900 Mar 28, 04:09 PM
  SAYLOR MICHAEL J Executive Chairman Mar 26, 2024 $1864.11 5,000 9,320,557 4,900 Mar 27, 04:25 PM
  SAYLOR MICHAEL J Executive Chairman Mar 25, 2024 $1858.03 809 1,503,143 790 Mar 26, 05:21 PM
  SAYLOR MICHAEL J Executive Chairman Mar 25, 2024 $1820.08 1,851 3,368,966 2,531 Mar 26, 05:17 PM
  SAYLOR MICHAEL J Executive Chairman Mar 25, 2024 $1707.48 2,340 3,995,500 4,961 Mar 26, 05:13 PM
  SAYLOR MICHAEL J Executive Chairman Mar 22, 2024 $1549.19 5,000 7,745,970 4,700 Mar 25, 04:51 PM
RDDT Total Sold by All Insiders: $41.14 million
  Slowe Christopher Brian Chief Technology Officer Mar 25, 2024 $32.30 185,000 5,975,500 413,684 Mar 27, 06:32 PM
  Huffman Steve Ladd CEO & President Mar 25, 2024 $32.30 500,000 16,150,000 710,306 Mar 27, 06:32 PM
  Vollero Andrew Chief Financial Officer Mar 25, 2024 $32.30 71,765 2,318,009 681,660 Mar 27, 06:31 PM
  Wong Jennifer L. Chief Operating Officer Mar 25, 2024 $32.30 325,000 10,497,500 1,736,813 Mar 27, 06:31 PM
  Wong Jennifer L. Chief Operating Officer Mar 25, 2024 $32.30 189,000 6,104,700 0 Mar 27, 06:31 PM
  Reynolds Michelle Marie Chief Accounting Officer Mar 25, 2024 $32.30 3,033 97,966 96,413 Mar 27, 06:31 PM
ANET Total Sold by All Insiders: $33.42 million
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 27, 2024 $296.24 4,500 1,333,080 1,651,800 Mar 29, 07:10 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 27, 2024 $296.24 4,500 1,333,080 1,651,800 Mar 29, 07:10 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 27, 2024 $296.24 14,000 4,147,360 6,533,492 Mar 29, 07:10 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 26, 2024 $298.97 4,500 1,345,365 1,656,300 Mar 28, 07:08 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 26, 2024 $298.97 4,500 1,345,365 1,656,300 Mar 28, 07:08 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 26, 2024 $298.97 14,000 4,185,580 6,547,492 Mar 28, 07:08 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 25, 2024 $301.45 13,000 3,918,850 6,561,492 Mar 27, 07:30 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 25, 2024 $301.45 4,500 1,356,525 1,660,800 Mar 27, 07:30 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 25, 2024 $301.45 4,500 1,356,525 1,660,800 Mar 27, 07:30 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 22, 2024 $303.00 4,500 1,363,500 1,665,300 Mar 26, 05:35 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 22, 2024 $303.00 4,500 1,363,500 1,665,300 Mar 26, 05:35 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 22, 2024 $303.00 13,000 3,939,000 6,574,492 Mar 26, 05:35 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 21, 2024 $299.00 4,500 1,345,500 1,669,800 Mar 25, 07:06 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 21, 2024 $299.00 12,500 3,737,500 6,587,492 Mar 25, 07:06 PM
  Ullal Jayshree President and CEO Mar 21, 2024 $299.00 4,500 1,345,500 1,669,800 Mar 25, 07:06 PM
CRM Total Sold by All Insiders: $26.08 million
  Benioff Marc Chair and CEO Mar 28, 2024 $301.37 15,000 4,520,536 13,034,519 Mar 29, 04:48 PM
  Benioff Marc Chair and CEO Mar 27, 2024 $303.74 15,000 4,556,029 13,054,228 Mar 28, 05:42 PM
  Harris Parker Co-Founder and CTO, Slack Mar 26, 2024 $306.60 4,200 1,287,735 108,681 Mar 27, 04:54 PM
  Millham Brian President and COO Mar 26, 2024 $307.50 1,663 511,373 0 Mar 27, 04:51 PM
  Benioff Marc Chair and CEO Mar 26, 2024 $306.56 15,000 4,598,340 13,065,936 Mar 27, 04:46 PM
  Reddy Sundeep G. EVP & Chief Accounting Officer Mar 25, 2024 $305.46 66 20,160 5,911 Mar 26, 09:11 PM
  Harris Parker Co-Founder and CTO, Slack Mar 25, 2024 $305.46 942 287,741 106,341 Mar 26, 09:09 PM
  Millham Brian President and COO Mar 25, 2024 $305.46 1,679 512,863 2,521 Mar 26, 09:03 PM
  Benioff Marc Chair and CEO Mar 25, 2024 $305.61 15,000 4,584,114 13,085,585 Mar 26, 08:59 PM
  Weaver Amy E President and CFO Mar 25, 2024 $305.46 942 287,741 39,920 Mar 26, 08:43 PM
  Tallapragada Srinivas Pres/Chief Engineering Officer Mar 25, 2024 $305.46 942 287,741 61,853 Mar 26, 08:40 PM
  Benioff Marc Chair and CEO Mar 22, 2024 $308.35 15,000 4,625,214 13,096,231 Mar 25, 04:48 PM
UTHR Total Sold by All Insiders: $21.45 million
  ROTHBLATT MARTINE A CHAIRPERSON & CEO Mar 28, 2024 $237.19 14,125 3,350,374 12,413 Mar 29, 04:30 PM
  ROTHBLATT MARTINE A CHAIRPERSON & CEO Mar 27, 2024 $242.29 15,000 3,634,324 15,099 Mar 29, 04:30 PM
  ROTHBLATT MARTINE A CHAIRPERSON & CEO Mar 26, 2024 $247.88 15,000 3,718,242 14,986 Mar 27, 04:30 PM
  ROTHBLATT MARTINE A CHAIRPERSON & CEO Mar 25, 2024 $244.14 15,000 3,662,157 14,662 Mar 27, 04:30 PM
  ROTHBLATT MARTINE A CHAIRPERSON & CEO Mar 22, 2024 $236.49 15,000 3,547,302 13,350 Mar 25, 04:30 PM
  ROTHBLATT ...

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Why we need to rethink what we know about dust

New research reveals our understanding of dust’s role in the environment is far from settled.

Existing models have over-estimated the role of north Africa as the primary source of global dust emissions for nearly 30 years. GizemG/Shutterstock

You may think of dust as an annoyance to be vacuumed and disposed of, but actually, on a grander scale, it is far more important than most people realise. Globally, dust plays a critical role in regulating our climate, radiation balance, nutrient cycles, soil formation, air quality and even human health.

But our understanding of it has been hampered by limitations in current mathematical models. These models, built on methods developed decades ago, struggle to accurately simulate the properties and quantities of dust.

The latest research by my colleagues and I sheds light on these limitations and suggests a more nuanced picture of dust. Our findings reveal that dust emissions are not constant but shift seasonally and between hemispheres, across deserts and shrublands. This challenges the long-held notion that north Africa and the Middle East are the dominant sources of global dust.

Using two types of satellite data, our research suggests that dust emissions during dust storms are rare and localised, much like lightning strikes, and occur in constantly shifting locations.

Dust’s complexity

The cycle of dust emission, transport and deposition has positive and negative effects on our environment. Nutrients in deposited dust fertilise our oceans and rainforests. But dust from eroded sediment can also damage plants and trees and disrupt photosynthesis, while dust deposited on ice increases the speed at which it melts.

Variations in dust composition, like mineral type and colour, create a complex cocktail of particles injected into the atmosphere. This, in turn, interacts with clouds to influence how sunlight is reflected or absorbed, ultimately regulating Earth’s temperature.

So, it is vital we have an accurate understanding of where dust emissions are coming from, in what quantities, how dust is transported across the planet and where it ends up.

Dust emission models were developed nearly 30 years ago when there was far less data available. Consequently, those now classical dust cycle models made some assumptions. One important assumption was that Earth’s land surface was uniformly covered in perpetually loose and dry material, which was always available and caused dust emissions.

However, we now know from field measurements that soils are often crusted or covered in different types of gravel. The threshold for the wind to lift the soil and release it to the atmosphere was also assumed to be fixed and unchanging over time.

We also now know that sediment moves around the landscape and may not always be available. Vegetation covering the soil reduces the wind’s speed at reaching the soil surface, which then reduces dust emission. Dust models still assume that “greenness” indicates the presence of vegetation. However, in drylands where most dust emission happens, the vegetation is often brown, but its roughness still reduces the wind’s speed and shelters the soil from dust emission.

Consequently, classical dust cycle models have over-estimated the amount of dust emission. These weaknesses have remained since models were developed. This is mainly because modellers assume that by adjusting their dust cycle models to the measurements of dust in the atmosphere they overcome any weaknesses in the dust emission modelling.

A new approach

Almost a decade ago we developed a new approach using shadow to estimate how much of the wind’s speed is reduced by roughness, such as vegetation, on the Earth’s surface. This approach was still limited by the previous model assumptions described.

However, during the pandemic, traditional field studies became impossible. So, we adopted a new approach. Using satellites, we produced a global collection of dust emission points. This provided valuable data and paved the way for further research.

We found that existing models overestimated the role of north Africa as the primary source of global dust emissions. Our research shows that dust emissions shift seasonally and between hemispheres, from deserts in east Asia, the Middle East and north Africa as well as shrublands in Australia and North America.

Current models have only been providing a fraction of the story based on dust in the atmosphere above north Africa and the Middle East. Little dust emission was predicted to occur in the southern hemisphere. But this contrasts with field observations and the experiences of people in those regions.

A huge dust storm in Australia.

These new findings are crucial for large scale models because the properties of dust are different depending on where they come from. Not only that, but dust may change as it is transported within a hemisphere to different destinations where it settles on land, in our oceans and on icecaps.

Our new understanding of dust distribution, quantity and seasonal shifts has significant implications. It will require revisions to historical reconstructions that explain past climate changes. Our findings will also influence future climate projections and how the dust cycle interacts with the carbon, energy and water cycles of Earth’s systems.

Adrian Chappell receives funding from the UK Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC).

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