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Scientists develop ‘pseudo cell’ formulation for vitreoretinal disease therapy

Researchers from the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital have developed a new “pseudo…

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Researchers from the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital have developed a new “pseudo cell” formulation based on self-healing microcapsule-loading exosomes to treat diverse vitreoretinal diseases.

Construction of ExoCap and therapeutic effects of MExoCap or TrExoCap in RIRI or PMU mouse model, respectively

Credit: BAO Han and TIAN Ying

Researchers from the Institute of Process Engineering (IPE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital have developed a new “pseudo cell” formulation based on self-healing microcapsule-loading exosomes to treat diverse vitreoretinal diseases.

The study was published in Nature Biomedical Engineering on Oct. 23.

Vitreoretinal diseases include a wide spectrum of vision-threatening disorders, which may cause severe irreversible vision loss. The efficacy of current treatments for vitreoretinal diseases in clinic is generally unsatisfactory and treatments often cause several side effects. Moreover, frequently repeated treatments are often needed, leading to poor patient compliance.

In recent years, researchers have explored the possibility of cell-based therapy in ophthalmology. Despite some positive results, cell-based therapeutics in ophthalmology have encountered a series of problems, such as low cell-survival rates, instability of cell phenotype and the need for strict storage conditions, which have limited the clinical feasibility of these cell-based technologies.

The therapeutic benefits of many cell types are known to involve paracrine mechanisms. Therefore, researchers have explored the possibility of using more stable cell-secreting components (such as exosomes) as therapeutic components to treat ocular diseases. Inspired by this, researchers from IPE and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital have proposed a “pseudo cell” formulation platform.

In this platform, exosomes isolated from cells were loaded into self-healing microcapsules, called ExoCaps. “ExoCaps simulate functional cells in terms of size, internal structure, and secretion behavior,” said Prof. MA Guanghui from IPE.

After intravitreal injection, ExoCaps settled in the inferior area of the vitreous cavity. Since blurred vision can be induced by suspension of living cells in the vitreous cavity, having the ExoCaps settle in the inferior area made it possible to avoid blurry vision. Moreover, exosomes were gradually released as the microcapsules degraded over a month, paving the way for a long-term therapeutic effect.

Using retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) and primed mycobacterial uveitis (PMU) models, the researchers detected therapeutic benefits from the application of two different ExoCap formulations, based on microencapsulation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MExo) and Treg cell-derived exosomes (TrExo), respectively. “Our ExoCap platform is flexible and can load exosomes of different cellular origins to meet varied therapeutic needs,” said Prof. WEI Wei from IPE.

The potent therapeutic efficacies were verified in both murine and nonhuman primate models of vitreoretinal diseases. “This study is still at the preclinical stage. Given that exosomes are natural vesicles produced from endogenous cells with good biocompatibility and the microcapsule material [poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)] has been approved for clinical use, ExoCap has the potential for translation to the clinic,” said Prof. TAO Yong from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital.


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Japanese Preprint Calls For mRNA VaccinesTo Be Suspended Over Blood Bank Contamination Concerns

Japanese Preprint Calls For mRNA VaccinesTo Be Suspended Over Blood Bank Contamination Concerns

Authored by Naveen Athrappully via The Epoch…

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Japanese Preprint Calls For mRNA VaccinesTo Be Suspended Over Blood Bank Contamination Concerns

Authored by Naveen Athrappully via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours),

Receiving blood transfusion from COVID-19-vaccinated individuals could pose a medical risk to unvaccinated recipients since numerous adverse events are being reported among vaccinated people worldwide, according to a recent study from Japan.

A volunteer draws the AstraZeneca vaccine as members of the public have their COVID-19 vaccinations at Fazl Mosque in Southfields, London, as it hosts a drop in clinic on June 8, 2021. (Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)

The preprint review, published on March 15, examined whether receiving blood from COVID-19-vaccinated individuals is safe or poses a health risk. Many nations have reported that mRNA vaccine usage has resulted in “post-vaccination thrombosis and subsequent cardiovascular damage, as well as a wide variety of diseases involving all organs and systems, including the nervous system,” it said.

Repeated vaccinations can make people more vulnerable to COVID-19, it said. If the blood contains spike proteins, it becomes necessary to remove these proteins prior to administration, and there is no such technology currently available, the authors wrote.

Contrary to earlier expectations, genes and proteins from genetic vaccines have been found to persist in the blood of vaccine recipients for “prolonged periods of time.”

In addition, “a variety of adverse events resulting from genetic vaccines are now being reported worldwide.” This includes a wide range of diseases related to blood and blood vessels.

Some studies have reported that the spike protein in the mRNA vaccines is neurotoxic and capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, the review stated. “Thus, there is no longer any doubt that the spike protein used as an antigen in genetic vaccines is itself toxic.”

Moreover, people who have taken multiple shots of mRNA vaccines can have several exposures to the same antigen within a small time frame, which may lead to them being “imprinted with a preferential immune response to that antigen.”

This has resulted in COVID-19 vaccine recipients becoming “more susceptible to contracting COVID-19.”

Given such concerns, medical professionals should be aware of the “various risks associated with blood transfusions using blood products derived from people who have suffered from long COVID and from genetic vaccine recipients, including those who have received mRNA vaccines.”

The impact of such genetic vaccines on blood products as well as the actual damage caused by them are currently unknown, the authors wrote.

“In order to avoid these risks and prevent further expansion of blood contamination and complication of the situation, we strongly request that the vaccination campaign using genetic vaccines be suspended and that a harm–benefit assessment be carried out as early as possible.”

Repeated vaccination of genetic vaccines can also end up causing “alterations in immune function” among recipients. This raises the risk of serious illnesses due to opportunistic infections or pathogenic viruses, which would not have been an issue if the immune system were normal, the review said.

“Therefore, from the perspective of traditional containment of infectious diseases, greater caution is required in the collection of blood from genetic vaccine recipients and the subsequent handling of blood products, as well as during solid organ transplantation and even surgical procedures in order to avoid the risk of accidental blood-borne infection,” it stated.

The review was funded by members of the Japanese Society for Vaccine-related Complications and the Volunteer Medical Association. Authors did not declare any conflict of interest.

Dangers With Blood Transfusions

The review pointed out that the genetic vaccination status of blood donors is not collected by organizations even though the use of such blood may pose risks to patients. As such, authors recommended that when blood products are derived from such people, “it is necessary to confirm the presence or absence of spike protein or modified mRNA as in other tests for pathogens.”

“If the blood product is found to contain the spike protein or a modified gene derived from the genetic vaccine, it is essential to remove them,” it stated. “However, there is currently no reliable way to do so.”

Since “there is no way to reliably remove the pathogenic protein or mRNA, we suggest that all such blood products be discarded until a definitive solution is found.”

The authors pointed out that cases of encephalitis among people who received blood from dengue vaccine recipients were reported as recently as last year. This suggests that the present system of tracking and managing blood products “is not adequate.”

Since genetic vaccines were implemented on a global scale for a massive population, “it is expected that the situation will already be complicated” compared to previous drug disasters.

As such, there is an “urgent need” for legislation and international treaties related to the management of blood products, the authors wrote.

The issue of blood transfusion from COVID-19 vaccine recipients has been highly controversial. In 2022, a court in New Zealand ruled against the parents of a sick infant son after they refused blood transfusions from vaccinated people.

The parents had asked the health system to allow blood transfusion from unvaccinated individuals, with donors who were already prepared to contribute. In its ruling, the court stripped the parents of medical custody of their son.

In Canada, doctors have also reported the trend of people’s resistance to vaccinated blood transfusions. Speaking to CBC in 2022, Dr. Dave Sidhu, the southern Alberta medical lead for transfusion and transplant medicine, said that parents of sick children were requesting unvaccinated blood.

We’re seeing it about once or twice a month, at this stage. And the worry is of course that these requests might increase,” he said at the time.

In Wyoming, Rep. Sarah Penn (R-Wyo.) has sponsored a bill mandating that blood donated by people who have taken COVID-19 shots be labeled. Doing so will allow recipients who do not wish to accept such blood to reject them.

In an interview with Cowboy State Daily, Ms. Penn said, “For various reasons, many people have purposefully strived to keep the mRNA therapies out of their bodies, even to the point that some lost their livelihoods … Their concerns are warranted.”

Tyler Durden Sat, 03/23/2024 - 19:50

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Major healthcare company defaults and files Chapter 11 bankruptcy

50-year-old nursing home operator files Chapter 11 bankruptcy after defaulting on over $50 million in loans.

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Operators of nursing homes and senior living facilities were severely impacted during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 as about 40% of residents had or likely had Covid-19 that year. More than 1,300 nursing homes had infection rates of 75% or higher during surge periods, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General reported.

The high infection rates led to severe staffing challenges, including significant loss of staff and substantial difficulties in hiring, training and retraining new staff, according to a February 2024 report. 

Those staffing challenges, however, continue today, as rising inflation makes it more expensive to compensate these essential workers.

Related: Another discount retailer makes checkout change to fight theft

In addition to staffing challenges, operators have also faced a number of economic issues that have driven some of these companies to file for bankruptcy or, in some cases, shut down facilities. Rising inflation, which affects products, supplies and employee wages, and higher interest rates over the past couple years have severely impacted operators' budgets. On top of those economic issues, operators are battling inadequate Medicare, Medicaid and insurance reimbursements that can lead to capital shortfalls.

Senior care facility bankruptcies rise

Financial hardship has led dozens of operators of senior facilities to file for bankruptcy over the past three years, with 13 companies filing petitions in 2021, 12 debtors filing in 2022 and 15 more in 2023, according to advisory firm Gibbins Advisors.

Notable Chapter 11 filings over the past year have included Evangelical Retirement Homes of Greater Chicago, which filed Chapter 11 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois in June 2023 to sell its assets at auction. Also, Windsor Terrace Health, an operator of 32 nursing homes in California and three in Arizona, filed its petition in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California in August 2023 listing $1 million to $10 million in assets and liabilities and unable to pay its debts.

More recently, Magnolia Senior Living, an operator of four facilities in Georgia, filed for Chapter 11 protection on March. 19 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Georgia.

Doctor cares for a skilled-nursing facility patient.

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Loan defaults, ransomware attack force Petersen into bankruptcy 

Finally, Petersen Health Care, operator of about 100 nursing homes, assisted-living and long-term care facilities in Illinois, Iowa and Missouri, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court in Delaware on March 20. 

The company, which had revenue of $340 million in 2023, was suffering financial distress from increased overhead, low reimbursements and a ransomware attack in October 2023 that interrupted the company's efforts to bill patients and insurance companies.

The company's financial problems worsened as it defaulted on payments on more than $50 million in loans that led to 19 of the company's facilities being placed into receivership. 

Petersen asserted in a March 21 statement that it will continue to operate its business as normal, as it is seeking court approval of a $45 million debtor-in-possession financing commitment from lenders to fund post-petition operating expenses and working capital.

“Petersen will operate as usual, and our team remains committed to continuing to provide first-rate care for our residents,” CEO David Campbell said in a statement. “We will emerge from restructuring as a stronger company with a more flexible capital structure. This will enable us to continue as a first-choice care provider and a reliable employer for our staff.”

The Peoria, Ill.,-based company, founded in 1974, operates skilled-nursing facilities, assisted/independent living communities, memory care services and homes for the developmentally disabled.

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Key healthcare firm files Chapter 11 bankruptcy after defaulting

50-year-old nursing home operator files Chapter 11 bankruptcy after defaulting on over $50 million in loans.

Published

on

Operators of nursing homes and senior living facilities were severely impacted during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 as about 40% of residents had or likely had Covid-19 that year and over 1,300 nursing homes had infection rates of 75% or higher during surge periods, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General reported.

The high infection rates led to severe staffing challenges, including significant loss of staff and substantial difficulties in hiring, training and retraining new staff, according to a February 2024 report. Those staffing challenges, however, continue today, as rising inflation makes it more expensive to compensate these essential workers.

Related: Another discount retailer makes checkout change to fight theft

In addition to staffing challenges, operators have also faced a number of economic issues that have driven some of these companies to file for bankruptcy or, in some cases, shut down facilities. Rising inflation, which affects products, supplies and employee wages, and higher interest rates over the past couple years have severely impacted operators' budgets. On top of those economic issues, operators are battling inadequate Medicare, Medicaid and insurance reimbursements that can lead to capital shortfalls.

Senior care facility bankruptcies rise

Financial hardship has led dozens of operators of senior facilities to file for bankruptcy over the past three years, with 13 companies filing petitions in 2021, 12 debtors filing in 2022 and 15 more in 2023, according to advisory firm Gibbins Advisors.

Notable Chapter 11 filings over the past year have included Evangelical Retirement Homes of Greater Chicago, which filed Chapter 11 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Illinois in June 2023 to sell its assets at auction. Also, Windsor Terrace Health, an operator of 32 nursing homes in California and three in Arizona, filed its petition in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California in August 2023 listing $1 million to $10 million in assets and liabilities and unable to pay its debts.

More recently, Magnolia Senior Living, an operator of four facilities in Georgia, filed for Chapter 11 protection on March. 19 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Georgia.

Shutterstock

Loan defaults, ransomware attack force Petersen into bankruptcy 

Finally, Petersen Health Care, operator of about 100 nursing homes, assisted-living and long-term care facilities in Illinois, Iowa and Missouri, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware on March 20, suffering financial distress from increased overhead, low reimbursements and a ransomware attack in October 2023 that interrupted the company's efforts to bill patients and insurance companies.

The company's financial problems worsened as it defaulted on payments on over $50 million in loans that led to 19 of the company's facilities to be placed into receivership. 

Petersen asserted in a March 21 statement that it will continue to operate its business as normal, as it is seeking court approval of a $45 million debtor-in-possession financing commitment from lenders to fund post-petition operating expenses and working capital.

“Petersen will operate as usual, and our team remains committed to continuing to provide first-rate care for our residents,” CEO David Campbell said in a statement. “We will emerge from restructuring as a stronger company with a more flexible capital structure. This will enable us to continue as a first-choice care provider and a reliable employer for our staff.”

The Peoria, Ill.,-based company, which was founded in 1974, operates skilled-nursing facilities, assisted/independent living communities, memory care services and homes for the developmentally disabled.

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