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Long Term Trends On Gold, Crypto, Stock Market & Much More

A lot has happened in financial markets in the last quarter. Without any further ado, let’s look at the changes and major developments in the charts.

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A lot has happened in financial markets in the last quarter. Without any further ado, let’s look at the changes and major developments in the charts.
Let’s start by looking at the 10-Year Treasury Yield, which is back to its long-term average for the first time since 2007. Source
Examining possible reasons for rising yields the WSJ notes
  • “The Fed isn’t a buyer, banks historically are a fraction of buying and now the banking system is shrinking.
  • Put those together, Treasurys have to clear at a different price.
  • That means higher yields—it’s pretty simple.”
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1. Debt Crisis

Naturally, yields are connected to a number of things. Let’s start by examining the US Government debt crisis.
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Debt levels are rising because the Government is spending more than it receives in revenue.
Visualizing the 2022 Federal Budget puts the yearly deficit in perspective. However, interestingly defense expenditure remains at historically low levels.
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In its June 2023 Budget Outlook the CBO projects:
  • “that federal debt held by the public relative to the size of the economy will nearly double within three decades” and that “spending will continuously outpace revenue”.
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Rising yields are of course devastating for serving the interest payments on the national debt. Brian Riedl recently wrote an important piece explaining the dynamics that are driving a potential debt crisis. He notes that:
  • Between 1990 and 2021, the average interest rate that the federal government paid on its debt gradually declined from 8.4% to 1.7%. However, Washington never locked in those low interest rates.
  • The average maturity of the federal debt remains at just 76 months, so nearly all of it must be replaced with new bonds within a decade.
  • Each additional percentage point in interest would cost Washington $2.8 trillion over the decade, and $30 trillion over three decades.
  • Washington’s interest rate may settle around 4% to 5%, which would gradually push the debt well past 200% of GDP.

As Charlie Bilello shows, the interest expense on US public debt is rising rapidly and will soon cross $1 trillion per year.

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In the words of Paul Tudor Jones:

  • “You get in this vicious circle, where higher interest rates
    • cause higher funding cost,
    • cause higher debt issuance, which
    • cause further bond liquidation, which
    • cause higher rates,
  • which put us in an untenable fiscal position.”

Legendary investor Ray Dalio said:

  • “We’re going to have a debt crisis in this country. How fast it transpires, I think, is going to be a function of that supply-demand issue, so I’m watching that very closely.
  • He writes: “The best way for policy makers to reduce debt burdens without causing a big economic crisis is to engineer what I call a “beautiful deleveraging,” which is when policy makers both
    1. restructure the debts so debt service payments are spread out over more time or disposed of (which is deflationary and depressing) and
    2. have central banks print money and buy debt (which is inflationary and stimulating).
  • Doing these two things in balanced amounts spreads out and reduces debt burdens and produces nominal economic growth (inflation plus real growth) that is greater than nominal interest rates, so debt burdens fall relative to incomes.”

2. Yield Curve

Let’s examine yields in more detail. Since the last newsletter in June, yields rose across all maturities, with the long-end rising faster than the short-end, causing the Yield Curve to steepen.
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The Yield Curve is often considered to be a predictor of an economic recession.
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3. Bonds

Rising yields have of course been devastating for bond prices, especially high duration ones, which are more sensitive to interest rate hikes. As an extreme example, the 100-Year Austrian Government Bond experienced a 75% crash since December 2020.
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According to Charlie Bilello, at 38 months, the Bloomberg US Aggregate Bond Index has experienced its longest bear market in history.
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Looking at the 1-year rolling correlation between Stocks and Bonds, during the latest recession, bonds have not served as the diversifying asset that they’re known for in the 60/40 portfolio. Instead they stayed relatively correlated with stocks and thus they fell in tandem.
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4. US Stock Market

So how have stocks been impacted by rising yields? The answer is “it depends”. For example,  Microsoft  locked in low interest rates on their debt in 2020-21 and are now earning much higher yields on their cash.
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However, as Charlie Bilello explains,
  • many companies are not in the same position as the behemoth that is Microsoft. In terms of borrowing cost, rising interest rates have hit smaller companies much harder than larger ones.
  • Interest expenses for the small-cap S&P 600 Index hit a record high in the second quarter.
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Accordingly, we see that over the last few months, large-cap stocks have been outperforming small-cap stocks.
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With this rise in large-cap stocks, the top 10 holdings in the S&P 500 now make up 30.5% of the index, the highest concentration we’ve seen with data going back to 1980.
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In fact, Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon, NVIDIA, Tesla, and Meta now represent over 28% of the S&P 500 Index.
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The situation among small-cap stocks is dire, around 1/3 of Russell 2000 companies aren’t profitable – near the highest level in data going back to 1985.
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5. Stock Market Sectors

  • Let’s take a closer look at stock market sectors. Year-to-date, 3 sectors drove the market higher: Communication Services (incl. Google and Meta), Information Technology (incl. Apple, Microsoft, Nvidia) and Consumer Discretionary (incl. Amazon).
  • Consumer Staples (incl. Walmart and Procter & Gamble) and Utilities (incl. NextEra Energy, Southern Company and Duke Energy) underperformed the most.
  • According to Richard Bowman from simplywall.st, dividend stocks (most common in the Utilities sector) are sensitive to rates for the following reasons:
    • Firstly, these companies use a lot of debt so higher rates means their cost of capital goes up. 
    • Secondly, why should you buy a “risky” stock yielding 4% when a “risk-free” government bond earns you 4.5%?
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6. Stocks Globally

Internationally, US stocks have been outperforming the rest of the world since 2008.
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As of September 29, US stocks now make up 62.25% of the MSCI All Country World Index, which includes developed as well as emerging markets.
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Similarly, Emerging Markets have been underperforming developed markets since 2010.
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Examining emerging markets in a bit more detail, India has been outperforming China by a huge margin  over the last 3 years. This has been driven by Indian companies in the Industrials, Utilities and Real Estate sectors.
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7. Gold

Amidst global geopolitical tensions, Gold, a traditional safe harbor, has been shrugging off rising real yields.
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The Gold/Silver Ratio has been rising along with the strength of the US dollar.
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The Oil/Gold Ratio has been falling along with US Stock Market Volatility.
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8. Commodities

Commodities, as measured by the Producer Price Index, peaked in May 2022 and have only started to rise again in recent months.
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9. Home Prices

Similarly, Home Prices are on the rise again.
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Mortgage rates have been rising faster than other yields with long maturities. The average 30-Year Fixed Rate Mortgage Rate is back at 7.57%, which is the highest reading in 23 years!
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Credit spreads between Mortgages and US Treasury Bonds are as high as during the 2008 housing crisis.
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The average house in the US now cost 7.4 times the US median annual household income, which is higher than during the Housing Bubble.
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Contrary to what home prices might imply, the US housing market is frozen. Pending home sales in the US have moved down to their lowest level since April 2020, Apartment construction is down and vacancy rates are up.
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Meanwhile, affordability is at record lows.
  • The median American household would need to spend 43.8% of their income to afford the median priced home. That’s the highest percentage in history, worse than the peak of the last housing bubble.
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10. Crypto

Let’s finish by looking at Crypto. Year-to-date, Bitcoin has outperformed Ethereum, causing Bitcoin/Ether ratio to fall.
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Relative to the entire crypto market, Bitcoin Dominance has been holding its position after it broke out above 47% in June 2023.
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February Employment Situation

By Paul Gomme and Peter Rupert The establishment data from the BLS showed a 275,000 increase in payroll employment for February, outpacing the 230,000…

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By Paul Gomme and Peter Rupert

The establishment data from the BLS showed a 275,000 increase in payroll employment for February, outpacing the 230,000 average over the previous 12 months. The payroll data for January and December were revised down by a total of 167,000. The private sector added 223,000 new jobs, the largest gain since May of last year.

Temporary help services employment continues a steep decline after a sharp post-pandemic rise.

Average hours of work increased from 34.2 to 34.3. The increase, along with the 223,000 private employment increase led to a hefty increase in total hours of 5.6% at an annualized rate, also the largest increase since May of last year.

The establishment report, once again, beat “expectations;” the WSJ survey of economists was 198,000. Other than the downward revisions, mentioned above, another bit of negative news was a smallish increase in wage growth, from $34.52 to $34.57.

The household survey shows that the labor force increased 150,000, a drop in employment of 184,000 and an increase in the number of unemployed persons of 334,000. The labor force participation rate held steady at 62.5, the employment to population ratio decreased from 60.2 to 60.1 and the unemployment rate increased from 3.66 to 3.86. Remember that the unemployment rate is the number of unemployed relative to the labor force (the number employed plus the number unemployed). Consequently, the unemployment rate can go up if the number of unemployed rises holding fixed the labor force, or if the labor force shrinks holding the number unemployed unchanged. An increase in the unemployment rate is not necessarily a bad thing: it may reflect a strong labor market drawing “marginally attached” individuals from outside the labor force. Indeed, there was a 96,000 decline in those workers.

Earlier in the week, the BLS announced JOLTS (Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey) data for January. There isn’t much to report here as the job openings changed little at 8.9 million, the number of hires and total separations were little changed at 5.7 million and 5.3 million, respectively.

As has been the case for the last couple of years, the number of job openings remains higher than the number of unemployed persons.

Also earlier in the week the BLS announced that productivity increased 3.2% in the 4th quarter with output rising 3.5% and hours of work rising 0.3%.

The bottom line is that the labor market continues its surprisingly (to some) strong performance, once again proving stronger than many had expected. This strength makes it difficult to justify any interest rate cuts soon, particularly given the recent inflation spike.

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Mortgage rates fall as labor market normalizes

Jobless claims show an expanding economy. We will only be in a recession once jobless claims exceed 323,000 on a four-week moving average.

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Everyone was waiting to see if this week’s jobs report would send mortgage rates higher, which is what happened last month. Instead, the 10-year yield had a muted response after the headline number beat estimates, but we have negative job revisions from previous months. The Federal Reserve’s fear of wage growth spiraling out of control hasn’t materialized for over two years now and the unemployment rate ticked up to 3.9%. For now, we can say the labor market isn’t tight anymore, but it’s also not breaking.

The key labor data line in this expansion is the weekly jobless claims report. Jobless claims show an expanding economy that has not lost jobs yet. We will only be in a recession once jobless claims exceed 323,000 on a four-week moving average.

From the Fed: In the week ended March 2, initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits were flat, at 217,000. The four-week moving average declined slightly by 750, to 212,250


Below is an explanation of how we got here with the labor market, which all started during COVID-19.

1. I wrote the COVID-19 recovery model on April 7, 2020, and retired it on Dec. 9, 2020. By that time, the upfront recovery phase was done, and I needed to model out when we would get the jobs lost back.

2. Early in the labor market recovery, when we saw weaker job reports, I doubled and tripled down on my assertion that job openings would get to 10 million in this recovery. Job openings rose as high as to 12 million and are currently over 9 million. Even with the massive miss on a job report in May 2021, I didn’t waver.

Currently, the jobs openings, quit percentage and hires data are below pre-COVID-19 levels, which means the labor market isn’t as tight as it once was, and this is why the employment cost index has been slowing data to move along the quits percentage.  

2-US_Job_Quits_Rate-1-2

3. I wrote that we should get back all the jobs lost to COVID-19 by September of 2022. At the time this would be a speedy labor market recovery, and it happened on schedule, too

Total employment data

4. This is the key one for right now: If COVID-19 hadn’t happened, we would have between 157 million and 159 million jobs today, which would have been in line with the job growth rate in February 2020. Today, we are at 157,808,000. This is important because job growth should be cooling down now. We are more in line with where the labor market should be when averaging 140K-165K monthly. So for now, the fact that we aren’t trending between 140K-165K means we still have a bit more recovery kick left before we get down to those levels. 




From BLS: Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 275,000 in February, and the unemployment rate increased to 3.9 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in health care, in government, in food services and drinking places, in social assistance, and in transportation and warehousing.

Here are the jobs that were created and lost in the previous month:

IMG_5092

In this jobs report, the unemployment rate for education levels looks like this:

  • Less than a high school diploma: 6.1%
  • High school graduate and no college: 4.2%
  • Some college or associate degree: 3.1%
  • Bachelor’s degree or higher: 2.2%
IMG_5093_320f22

Today’s report has continued the trend of the labor data beating my expectations, only because I am looking for the jobs data to slow down to a level of 140K-165K, which hasn’t happened yet. I wouldn’t categorize the labor market as being tight anymore because of the quits ratio and the hires data in the job openings report. This also shows itself in the employment cost index as well. These are key data lines for the Fed and the reason we are going to see three rate cuts this year.

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Inside The Most Ridiculous Jobs Report In History: Record 1.2 Million Immigrant Jobs Added In One Month

Inside The Most Ridiculous Jobs Report In History: Record 1.2 Million Immigrant Jobs Added In One Month

Last month we though that the January…

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Inside The Most Ridiculous Jobs Report In History: Record 1.2 Million Immigrant Jobs Added In One Month

Last month we though that the January jobs report was the "most ridiculous in recent history" but, boy, were we wrong because this morning the Biden department of goalseeked propaganda (aka BLS) published the February jobs report, and holy crap was that something else. Even Goebbels would blush. 

What happened? Let's take a closer look.

On the surface, it was (almost) another blockbuster jobs report, certainly one which nobody expected, or rather just one bank out of 76 expected. Starting at the top, the BLS reported that in February the US unexpectedly added 275K jobs, with just one research analyst (from Dai-Ichi Research) expecting a higher number.

Some context: after last month's record 4-sigma beat, today's print was "only" 3 sigma higher than estimates. Needless to say, two multiple sigma beats in a row used to only happen in the USSR... and now in the US, apparently.

Before we go any further, a quick note on what last month we said was "the most ridiculous jobs report in recent history": it appears the BLS read our comments and decided to stop beclowing itself. It did that by slashing last month's ridiculous print by over a third, and revising what was originally reported as a massive 353K beat to just 229K,  a 124K revision, which was the biggest one-month negative revision in two years!

Of course, that does not mean that this month's jobs print won't be revised lower: it will be, and not just that month but every other month until the November election because that's the only tool left in the Biden admin's box: pretend the economic and jobs are strong, then revise them sharply lower the next month, something we pointed out first last summer and which has not failed to disappoint once.

To be fair, not every aspect of the jobs report was stellar (after all, the BLS had to give it some vague credibility). Take the unemployment rate, after flatlining between 3.4% and 3.8% for two years - and thus denying expectations from Sahm's Rule that a recession may have already started - in February the unemployment rate unexpectedly jumped to 3.9%, the highest since February 2022 (with Black unemployment spiking by 0.3% to 5.6%, an indicator which the Biden admin will quickly slam as widespread economic racism or something).

And then there were average hourly earnings, which after surging 0.6% MoM in January (since revised to 0.5%) and spooking markets that wage growth is so hot, the Fed will have no choice but to delay cuts, in February the number tumbled to just 0.1%, the lowest in two years...

... for one simple reason: last month's average wage surge had nothing to do with actual wages, and everything to do with the BLS estimate of hours worked (which is the denominator in the average wage calculation) which last month tumbled to just 34.1 (we were led to believe) the lowest since the covid pandemic...

... but has since been revised higher while the February print rose even more, to 34.3, hence why the latest average wage data was once again a product not of wages going up, but of how long Americans worked in any weekly period, in this case higher from 34.1 to 34.3, an increase which has a major impact on the average calculation.

While the above data points were examples of some latent weakness in the latest report, perhaps meant to give it a sheen of veracity, it was everything else in the report that was a problem starting with the BLS's latest choice of seasonal adjustments (after last month's wholesale revision), which have gone from merely laughable to full clownshow, as the following comparison between the monthly change in BLS and ADP payrolls shows. The trend is clear: the Biden admin numbers are now clearly rising even as the impartial ADP (which directly logs employment numbers at the company level and is far more accurate), shows an accelerating slowdown.

But it's more than just the Biden admin hanging its "success" on seasonal adjustments: when one digs deeper inside the jobs report, all sorts of ugly things emerge... such as the growing unprecedented divergence between the Establishment (payrolls) survey and much more accurate Household (actual employment) survey. To wit, while in January the BLS claims 275K payrolls were added, the Household survey found that the number of actually employed workers dropped for the third straight month (and 4 in the past 5), this time by 184K (from 161.152K to 160.968K).

This means that while the Payrolls series hits new all time highs every month since December 2020 (when according to the BLS the US had its last month of payrolls losses), the level of Employment has not budged in the past year. Worse, as shown in the chart below, such a gaping divergence has opened between the two series in the past 4 years, that the number of Employed workers would need to soar by 9 million (!) to catch up to what Payrolls claims is the employment situation.

There's more: shifting from a quantitative to a qualitative assessment, reveals just how ugly the composition of "new jobs" has been. Consider this: the BLS reports that in February 2024, the US had 132.9 million full-time jobs and 27.9 million part-time jobs. Well, that's great... until you look back one year and find that in February 2023 the US had 133.2 million full-time jobs, or more than it does one year later! And yes, all the job growth since then has been in part-time jobs, which have increased by 921K since February 2023 (from 27.020 million to 27.941 million).

Here is a summary of the labor composition in the past year: all the new jobs have been part-time jobs!

But wait there's even more, because now that the primary season is over and we enter the heart of election season and political talking points will be thrown around left and right, especially in the context of the immigration crisis created intentionally by the Biden administration which is hoping to import millions of new Democratic voters (maybe the US can hold the presidential election in Honduras or Guatemala, after all it is their citizens that will be illegally casting the key votes in November), what we find is that in February, the number of native-born workers tumbled again, sliding by a massive 560K to just 129.807 million. Add to this the December data, and we get a near-record 2.4 million plunge in native-born workers in just the past 3 months (only the covid crash was worse)!

The offset? A record 1.2 million foreign-born (read immigrants, both legal and illegal but mostly illegal) workers added in February!

Said otherwise, not only has all job creation in the past 6 years has been exclusively for foreign-born workers...

Source: St Louis Fed FRED Native Born and Foreign Born

... but there has been zero job-creation for native born workers since June 2018!

This is a huge issue - especially at a time of an illegal alien flood at the southwest border...

... and is about to become a huge political scandal, because once the inevitable recession finally hits, there will be millions of furious unemployed Americans demanding a more accurate explanation for what happened - i.e., the illegal immigration floodgates that were opened by the Biden admin.

Which is also why Biden's handlers will do everything in their power to insure there is no official recession before November... and why after the election is over, all economic hell will finally break loose. Until then, however, expect the jobs numbers to get even more ridiculous.

Tyler Durden Fri, 03/08/2024 - 13:30

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