Connect with us

Uncategorized

Global Consumer Batteries Strategic Business Report 2023: Booming Digital World Spells Opportunities for Consumer Batteries

Global Consumer Batteries Strategic Business Report 2023: Booming Digital World Spells Opportunities for Consumer Batteries
PR Newswire
DUBLIN, March 15, 2023

DUBLIN, March 15, 2023 /PRNewswire/ — The “Consumer Batteries: Global Strategic Business…

Published

12 months ago

on

Global Consumer Batteries Strategic Business Report 2023: Booming Digital World Spells Opportunities for Consumer Batteries

PR Newswire

DUBLIN, March 15, 2023

DUBLIN, March 15, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Consumer Batteries: Global Strategic Business Report" report has been added to  ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global market for Consumer Batteries estimated at US$45.1 Billion in the year 2022, is projected to reach a revised size of US$60.3 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 3.7% over the analysis period 2022-2030.

Primary Alkaline, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is projected to record a 2.4% CAGR and reach US$15.1 Billion by the end of the analysis period.

Taking into account the ongoing post pandemic recovery, growth in the Primary Zinc Carbon segment is readjusted to a revised 0.3% CAGR for the next 8-year period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $8.7 Billion, While China is Forecast to Grow at 5.4% CAGR

The Consumer Batteries market in the U.S. is estimated at US$8.7 Billion in the year 2022. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$15.4 Billion by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 5.4% over the analysis period 2022 to 2030.

Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at 2.1% and 3.1% respectively over the 2022-2030 period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 3.3% CAGR. Led by countries such as Australia, India, and South Korea, the market in Asia-Pacific is forecast to reach US$8.5 Billion by the year 2030.

Select Competitors (Total 112 Featured) -

  • Battery Technology Inc.
  • BYD Company Ltd.
  • Duracell Inc.
  • Electrochem Automation Inc.
  • Energizer Holdings, Inc.
  • FDK Corp.
  • Jiangmen TWD Technology Co., Ltd.
  • LG Chem
  • Maxell Holdings, Ltd.
  • Panasonic Corp.
  • Samsung SDI Co. Ltd.
  • Spectrum Brands, Inc.
  • Tohoku Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
  • Tronic Technology Global Ltd.
  • Ultralife Corp.
  • VARTA Consumer Batteries GmbH & Co. KGaA

What`s New for 2023?

  • Special coverage on Russia-Ukraine war; global inflation; easing of zero-Covid policy in China and its `bumpy` reopening; supply chain disruptions, global trade tensions; and risk of recession.
  • Global competitiveness and key competitor percentage market shares
  • Market presence across multiple geographies - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial
  • Online interactive peer-to-peer collaborative bespoke updates
  • Access to digital archives and Research Platform
  • Complimentary updates for one year

Key Topics Covered:

I. METHODOLOGY

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. MARKET OVERVIEW

  • Influencer Market Insights
  • World Market Trajectories
  • Battery: An Introduction
  • Evolution of Battery over the Years: A Snapshot
  • Major Applications in Conjunction with Historical Developments
  • Consumer Batteries: Designed to Power Small, Portable Devices
  • Widely Used Consumer Batteries by Size: A Snapshot
  • A Brief Overview of Key Consumer Battery Types by Chemistry
  • Primary Alkaline Batteries
  • Primary Zinc Carbon (Zn-C) Batteries
  • Primary Lithium Batteries
  • Secondary Lithium Ion Batteries
  • A Comparative Review of Key Properties of Different Li-ion Batteries
  • Li-Ion vs Ni-MH vs Ni-Cd: Key Technical Aspects
  • Secondary Nickel-Metal Hydride (Ni-MH) Batteries
  • Other Types
  • Consumer Batteries: Current Market Scenario and Outlook
  • While Developed Regions Remain Primary Revenue Contributors, Developing Regions Exhibit Fast Paced Growth
  • World Consumer Batteries Market (2019 & 2025): Percentage Breakdown of Revenues for Developed and Developing Regions
  • World Consumer Batteries Market - Geographic Regions Ranked by CAGR (Revenues) for 2018-2025: China, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, Africa, Europe, Canada, Japan, and USA
  • Emerging Technologies Offer Growth Opportunities
  • Market Dynamics Influenced by Economic Scenario
  • Real GDP Growth Rates in % by Country/Region for the Years 2017 through 2020
  • Consumer Batteries - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2022 (E)
  • Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2022 (E)
  • Hearing Aid Battery Market Share Breakdown of Key Players: 2019
  • Key Industry Activities (2017-2019)
  • Impact of Covid-19 and a Looming Global Recession

2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS

3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS

  • Healthy Trajectory across Key Product Categories Sustains Progressive Growth in Consumer Batteries Market
  • Global Consumer Electronics Market (In US$ Billion) for the Years 2018 through 2024
  • Smartphones
  • Milestones in Mobile Phone Battery Domain: A Snapshot
  • Worldwide Smartphone Sales (in Million Units) by Geographic Region/Country for the Years 2018 & 2022
  • Smartphone Adoption Worldwide by Region (in %): 2018 & 2025
  • Average Battery Life of Select Latest Smartphone Models
  • Tablet PCs
  • Worldwide Unit Shipments of Tablet PCs (in Millions) for the Years 2019, 2021 and 2023
  • Laptop PCs
  • Milestones in Laptop Battery Domain: A Snapshot
  • Worldwide Unit Shipments of Laptops (in Millions) for the Years 2019, 2021 and 2023
  • Bluetooth Wireless Consumer Electronic Accessories
  • Range of Bluetooth Devices by Class
  • Wearables
  • Recent Advancements in Wearable Device Battery Domain: A Snapshot
  • Global Wearable Device Shipments in Million Units for the Years 2017, 2019 and 2021
  • Consumer Drones
  • Recent Advancements in Consumer Drone Battery Domain: A Snapshot
  • Booming Digital World Spells Opportunities for Consumer Batteries
  • Expanding Internet User Base & Consumer Appetite for Digital Media: Key Traits of Modern Digital World
  • Global Internet User Penetration Rate (in %) for the Years 2014, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2022 and 2024
  • Social Media and Social Networking
  • Active Users (in Millions) for Leading Social Network Sites (H1 2019)
  • Online Video Gaming
  • Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
  • Smart Home and Home Automation Instigate New Line of Opportunities
  • SEGMENTAL PERSPECTIVE
  • Lithium Ion (Li-Ion) Emerges as Major Product Category within the Consumer Batteries Market
  • Bright Prospects Ahead for Consumer Li-Ion Battery Market
  • World Lithium-Ion Battery Market by End-Use Market (2019 & 2025): Percentage Breakdown of Revenues for Consumer Electronics, Automotive, Aerospace & Defense, Marine, Healthcare, and Other End-Uses
  • World Consumer Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery Market by Application (2019): Percentage Breakdown of Volume Shipments for Mobile Phone, Notebook PC, Tablet PC and Others
  • Declining Trend in Battery Prices Amplifies Demand Growth
  • Li-ion Battery Price Outlook: Prices in $/kWh for the Years 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2025
  • Raw Material Dynamics Favor Progressive Momentum
  • Lithium Content (in Gram) in Consumer Batteries by Battery Type
  • Cost Structure of Consumer-Grade Li-ion Battery (in $/kWh) by Cost Component
  • Cathode Active Materials in Li-ion Battery Manufacturing by Material (2019 & 2025): Percentage Volume Breakdown for LFP, LiCoO2, LMO, NCA, and NMC
  • Anodes (Carbon) in Li-ion Battery Manufacturing (2019): Percentage Volume Breakdown by Carbon Material
  • Li-Ion Battery: Leading Materials Suppliers
  • Global Li-ion Battery Anode Materials Market by Leading Manufacturers (2019): Percentage Value Breakdown by Supplier
  • Global Li-ion Battery Market by Leading Suppliers of Electrolyte (2019): Percentage Volume Breakdown by Supplier
  • Global Li-ion Battery Market by Leading Suppliers of Separator (2019): Percentage Value Breakdown by Supplier
  • Insight into Reserves & Supply of Lithium, the Key Raw Material
  • Global Lithium Reserves in Thousand Metric Tons by Select Countries
  • Global Lithium Mine Production in Metric Tons by Country for 2017 and 2018
  • Increased R&D Investments Spur Market Momentum
  • Addressing Challenges: Need of the Hour
  • Need to Resolve Flaws in Lithium-ion Batteries
  • Issues Impeding Growth
  • Alkaline: Major Primary Consumer Battery Type
  • STable Growth on the Cards for Alkaline Batteries Market
  • Zinc-Carbon Battery Segment Continues to Sustain Demand
  • Primary Lithium Batteries Exhibit Faster Growth
  • Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH): A Mature Technology, Yet Strong in Consumer Applications
  • World NiMH Rechargeable Battery Market by Application (2019): Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Cordless Phones, General Electronics, HEV, and Others
  • Fading Demand for NiCd Batteries
  • World NiCd Battery Market by Application (2019): Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Power Tools, Security Lighting, Toys and Others
  • Zinc Air Batteries: An Insight
  • Aluminum-Air Batteries Seek Opportunities
  • Lithium Polymer Battery Emerge as New High Growth Variant
  • Futuristic Battery Technology Trends Augur Well for Market Expansion
  • Pre-Charged Ready-to-Use Rechargeable Batteries Enthuse Consumers
  • Curved Batteries Gaining Heightened Attention
  • New Generation Smart Power Batteries Emerge in the Market
  • Longer Lasting Batteries Come to the Fore
  • Eco-Friendly Green Batteries: The New Flavor
  • Product Innovations & Advancements Widen Business Prospects for Consumer Batteries Market
  • Battery Chemistry Improvements Augment Innovations & Advancements
  • Manufacturing Process Improvements Strengthen R&D Programs
  • Nanotechnology Steps In to Create a Difference in the Battery Making
  • Continued Efforts to Develop Advanced Li-ion Batteries with High Density, Low Footprint, and Quick Charge Features
  • Carbon Electrodes Aid in Development of High Performance Batteries
  • New Approach for Manufacturing Semisolid Li-ion Battery
  • Innovative Battery Technology from Amprius
  • Gbatteries BatteryBox with 50Whr Backup Capacity
  • Li-ion Battery with Lithium Borohydride Designed in Japan
  • Wearables Amplify the Need for Consumer Battery Innovations
  • Inbuilt Power Sources for Wearable Devices to Transform Existing Approaches
  • Infusion of New Materials Augments Battery Improvements
  • A Note on World Battery Materials Market
  • World Battery Materials Market by Region (2019): Percentage Breakdown of Material Demand for North America, Western Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of World
  • Select Consumer Battery Innovations and Launches
  • Battery Recycling Market Exhibiting STable Growth
  • Favorable Demographic & Socio-Economic Trends Strengthen Market Prospects
  • Rapid Growth in Urban Households
  • World Urban Population in Millions: 1950-2050
  • Percentage of Urban Population in Select Countries (2018 & 2050)
  • Growing Affluence of Middle Class Consumer Segment
  • Global Middle Class Spending (in US$ Trillion) by Geographic Region: 2017, 2025 & 2030
  • Rising Living Standards
  • Issues & Challenges
  • Development of Energy-Dense, Affordable Consumer Battery Remains Elusive
  • Constraints and Challenges on the Path of Innovations
  • Competition from Emerging Battery Technologies
  • Portable Fuel Cell Batteries
  • Biofuel Cell
  • Super Charge Ion Battery (SCiB)
  • Prevalence of Unorganized Players
  • Counterfeit Products
  • Declining Margins

4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

IV. COMPETITION

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/vrxdcu

About ResearchAndMarkets.com
ResearchAndMarkets.com is the world's leading source for international market research reports and market data. We provide you with the latest data on international and regional markets, key industries, the top companies, new products and the latest trends.

Media Contact:

Research and Markets
Laura Wood, Senior Manager
press@researchandmarkets.com
 
For E.S.T Office Hours Call +1-917-300-0470
For U.S./CAN Toll Free Call +1-800-526-8630
For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900
 
U.S. Fax: 646-607-1907
Fax (outside U.S.): +353-1-481-1716

Logo: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/539438/Research_and_Markets_Logo.jpg

View original content:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-consumer-batteries-strategic-business-report-2023-booming-digital-world-spells-opportunities-for-consumer-batteries-301772719.html

SOURCE Research and Markets

Read More

Related Topics:
Continue Reading

Uncategorized

NY Fed Finds Medium, Long-Term Inflation Expectations Jump Amid Surge In Stock Market Optimism

NY Fed Finds Medium, Long-Term Inflation Expectations Jump Amid Surge In Stock Market Optimism

One month after the inflation outlook tracked…

Published

3 hours ago

on

March 11, 2024

By

NY Fed Finds Medium, Long-Term Inflation Expectations Jump Amid Surge In Stock Market Optimism

One month after the inflation outlook tracked by the NY Fed Consumer Survey extended their late 2023 slide, with 3Y inflation expectations in January sliding to a record low 2.4% (from 2.6% in December), even as 1 and 5Y inflation forecasts remained flat, moments ago the NY Fed reported that in February there was a sharp rebound in longer-term inflation expectations, rising to 2.7% from 2.4% at the three-year ahead horizon, and jumping to 2.9% from 2.5% at the five-year ahead horizon, while the 1Y inflation outlook was flat for the 3rd month in a row, stuck at 3.0%. 

The increases in both the three-year ahead and five-year ahead measures were most pronounced for respondents with at most high school degrees (in other words, the "really smart folks" are expecting deflation soon). The survey’s measure of disagreement across respondents (the difference between the 75th and 25th percentile of inflation expectations) decreased at all horizons, while the median inflation uncertainty—or the uncertainty expressed regarding future inflation outcomes—declined at the one- and three-year ahead horizons and remained unchanged at the five-year ahead horizon.

Going down the survey, we find that the median year-ahead expected price changes increased by 0.1 percentage point to 4.3% for gas; decreased by 1.8 percentage points to 6.8% for the cost of medical care (its lowest reading since September 2020); decreased by 0.1 percentage point to 5.8% for the cost of a college education; and surprisingly decreased by 0.3 percentage point for rent to 6.1% (its lowest reading since December 2020), and remained flat for food at 4.9%.

We find the rent expectations surprising because it is happening just asking rents are rising across the country.

At the same time as consumers erroneously saw sharply lower rents, median home price growth expectations remained unchanged for the fifth consecutive month at 3.0%.

Turning to the labor market, the survey found that the average perceived likelihood of voluntary and involuntary job separations increased, while the perceived likelihood of finding a job (in the event of a job loss) declined. "The mean probability of leaving one’s job voluntarily in the next 12 months also increased, by 1.8 percentage points to 19.5%."

Mean unemployment expectations - or the mean probability that the U.S. unemployment rate will be higher one year from now - decreased by 1.1 percentage points to 36.1%, the lowest reading since February 2022. Additionally, the median one-year-ahead expected earnings growth was unchanged at 2.8%, remaining slightly below its 12-month trailing average of 2.9%.

Turning to household finance, we find the following:

  • The median expected growth in household income remained unchanged at 3.1%. The series has been moving within a narrow range of 2.9% to 3.3% since January 2023, and remains above the February 2020 pre-pandemic level of 2.7%.
  • Median household spending growth expectations increased by 0.2 percentage point to 5.2%. The increase was driven by respondents with a high school degree or less.
  • Median year-ahead expected growth in government debt increased to 9.3% from 8.9%.
  • The mean perceived probability that the average interest rate on saving accounts will be higher in 12 months increased by 0.6 percentage point to 26.1%, remaining below its 12-month trailing average of 30%.
  • Perceptions about households’ current financial situations deteriorated somewhat with fewer respondents reporting being better off than a year ago. Year-ahead expectations also deteriorated marginally with a smaller share of respondents expecting to be better off and a slightly larger share of respondents expecting to be worse off a year from now.
  • The mean perceived probability that U.S. stock prices will be higher 12 months from now increased by 1.4 percentage point to 38.9%.
  • At the same time, perceptions and expectations about credit access turned less optimistic: "Perceptions of credit access compared to a year ago deteriorated with a larger share of respondents reporting tighter conditions and a smaller share reporting looser conditions compared to a year ago."

Also, a smaller percentage of consumers, 11.45% vs 12.14% in prior month, expect to not be able to make minimum debt payment over the next three months

Last, and perhaps most humorous, is the now traditional cognitive dissonance one observes with these polls, because at a time when long-term inflation expectations jumped, which clearly suggests that financial conditions will need to be tightened, the number of respondents expecting higher stock prices one year from today jumped to the highest since November 2021... which incidentally is just when the market topped out during the last cycle before suffering a painful bear market.

Tyler Durden Mon, 03/11/2024 - 12:40

Read More

Continue Reading

Uncategorized

Homes listed for sale in early June sell for $7,700 more

New Zillow research suggests the spring home shopping season may see a second wave this summer if mortgage rates fall
The post Homes listed for sale in…

Published

10 hours ago

on

March 11, 2024

By

  • A Zillow analysis of 2023 home sales finds homes listed in the first two weeks of June sold for 2.3% more. 
  • The best time to list a home for sale is a month later than it was in 2019, likely driven by mortgage rates.
  • The best time to list can be as early as the second half of February in San Francisco, and as late as the first half of July in New York and Philadelphia. 

Spring home sellers looking to maximize their sale price may want to wait it out and list their home for sale in the first half of June. A new Zillow® analysis of 2023 sales found that homes listed in the first two weeks of June sold for 2.3% more, a $7,700 boost on a typical U.S. home.  

The best time to list consistently had been early May in the years leading up to the pandemic. The shift to June suggests mortgage rates are strongly influencing demand on top of the usual seasonality that brings buyers to the market in the spring. This home-shopping season is poised to follow a similar pattern as that in 2023, with the potential for a second wave if the Federal Reserve lowers interest rates midyear or later. 

The 2.3% sale price premium registered last June followed the first spring in more than 15 years with mortgage rates over 6% on a 30-year fixed-rate loan. The high rates put home buyers on the back foot, and as rates continued upward through May, they were still reassessing and less likely to bid boldly. In June, however, rates pulled back a little from 6.79% to 6.67%, which likely presented an opportunity for determined buyers heading into summer. More buyers understood their market position and could afford to transact, boosting competition and sale prices.

The old logic was that sellers could earn a premium by listing in late spring, when search activity hit its peak. Now, with persistently low inventory, mortgage rate fluctuations make their own seasonality. First-time home buyers who are on the edge of qualifying for a home loan may dip in and out of the market, depending on what’s happening with rates. It is almost certain the Federal Reserve will push back any interest-rate cuts to mid-2024 at the earliest. If mortgage rates follow, that could bring another surge of buyers later this year.

Mortgage rates have been impacting affordability and sale prices since they began rising rapidly two years ago. In 2022, sellers nationwide saw the highest sale premium when they listed their home in late March, right before rates barreled past 5% and continued climbing. 

Zillow’s research finds the best time to list can vary widely by metropolitan area. In 2023, it was as early as the second half of February in San Francisco, and as late as the first half of July in New York. Thirty of the top 35 largest metro areas saw for-sale listings command the highest sale prices between May and early July last year. 

Zillow also found a wide range in the sale price premiums associated with homes listed during those peak periods. At the hottest time of the year in San Jose, homes sold for 5.5% more, a $88,000 boost on a typical home. Meanwhile, homes in San Antonio sold for 1.9% more during that same time period.  

 

Metropolitan Area Best Time to List Price Premium Dollar Boost
United States First half of June 2.3% $7,700
New York, NY First half of July 2.4% $15,500
Los Angeles, CA First half of May 4.1% $39,300
Chicago, IL First half of June 2.8% $8,800
Dallas, TX First half of June 2.5% $9,200
Houston, TX Second half of April 2.0% $6,200
Washington, DC Second half of June 2.2% $12,700
Philadelphia, PA First half of July 2.4% $8,200
Miami, FL First half of June 2.3% $12,900
Atlanta, GA Second half of June 2.3% $8,700
Boston, MA Second half of May 3.5% $23,600
Phoenix, AZ First half of June 3.2% $14,700
San Francisco, CA Second half of February 4.2% $50,300
Riverside, CA First half of May 2.7% $15,600
Detroit, MI First half of July 3.3% $7,900
Seattle, WA First half of June 4.3% $31,500
Minneapolis, MN Second half of May 3.7% $13,400
San Diego, CA Second half of April 3.1% $29,600
Tampa, FL Second half of June 2.1% $8,000
Denver, CO Second half of May 2.9% $16,900
Baltimore, MD First half of July 2.2% $8,200
St. Louis, MO First half of June 2.9% $7,000
Orlando, FL First half of June 2.2% $8,700
Charlotte, NC Second half of May 3.0% $11,000
San Antonio, TX First half of June 1.9% $5,400
Portland, OR Second half of April 2.6% $14,300
Sacramento, CA First half of June 3.2% $17,900
Pittsburgh, PA Second half of June 2.3% $4,700
Cincinnati, OH Second half of April 2.7% $7,500
Austin, TX Second half of May 2.8% $12,600
Las Vegas, NV First half of June 3.4% $14,600
Kansas City, MO Second half of May 2.5% $7,300
Columbus, OH Second half of June 3.3% $10,400
Indianapolis, IN First half of July 3.0% $8,100
Cleveland, OH First half of July  3.4% $7,400
San Jose, CA First half of June 5.5% $88,400

 

The post Homes listed for sale in early June sell for $7,700 more appeared first on Zillow Research.

Read More

Continue Reading

Uncategorized

February Employment Situation

By Paul Gomme and Peter Rupert The establishment data from the BLS showed a 275,000 increase in payroll employment for February, outpacing the 230,000…

Published

2 days ago

on

March 9, 2024

By

By Paul Gomme and Peter Rupert

The establishment data from the BLS showed a 275,000 increase in payroll employment for February, outpacing the 230,000 average over the previous 12 months. The payroll data for January and December were revised down by a total of 167,000. The private sector added 223,000 new jobs, the largest gain since May of last year.

Temporary help services employment continues a steep decline after a sharp post-pandemic rise.

Average hours of work increased from 34.2 to 34.3. The increase, along with the 223,000 private employment increase led to a hefty increase in total hours of 5.6% at an annualized rate, also the largest increase since May of last year.

The establishment report, once again, beat “expectations;” the WSJ survey of economists was 198,000. Other than the downward revisions, mentioned above, another bit of negative news was a smallish increase in wage growth, from $34.52 to $34.57.

The household survey shows that the labor force increased 150,000, a drop in employment of 184,000 and an increase in the number of unemployed persons of 334,000. The labor force participation rate held steady at 62.5, the employment to population ratio decreased from 60.2 to 60.1 and the unemployment rate increased from 3.66 to 3.86. Remember that the unemployment rate is the number of unemployed relative to the labor force (the number employed plus the number unemployed). Consequently, the unemployment rate can go up if the number of unemployed rises holding fixed the labor force, or if the labor force shrinks holding the number unemployed unchanged. An increase in the unemployment rate is not necessarily a bad thing: it may reflect a strong labor market drawing “marginally attached” individuals from outside the labor force. Indeed, there was a 96,000 decline in those workers.

Earlier in the week, the BLS announced JOLTS (Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey) data for January. There isn’t much to report here as the job openings changed little at 8.9 million, the number of hires and total separations were little changed at 5.7 million and 5.3 million, respectively.

As has been the case for the last couple of years, the number of job openings remains higher than the number of unemployed persons.

Also earlier in the week the BLS announced that productivity increased 3.2% in the 4th quarter with output rising 3.5% and hours of work rising 0.3%.

The bottom line is that the labor market continues its surprisingly (to some) strong performance, once again proving stronger than many had expected. This strength makes it difficult to justify any interest rate cuts soon, particularly given the recent inflation spike.

Read More

Continue Reading

Trending