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Robotic process automation market 2023-2027: A descriptive analysis of five forces model, market dynamics, and segmentation – Technavio

Robotic process automation market 2023-2027: A descriptive analysis of five forces model, market dynamics, and segmentation – Technavio
PR Newswire
NEW YORK, Feb. 1, 2023

NEW YORK, Feb. 1, 2023 /PRNewswire/ — According to Technavio, the global rob…

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Robotic process automation market 2023-2027: A descriptive analysis of five forces model, market dynamics, and segmentation - Technavio

PR Newswire

NEW YORK, Feb. 1, 2023

NEW YORK, Feb. 1, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- According to Technavio, the global robotic process automation market size is estimated to grow by USD 16,628.29 million from 2022 to 2027. The market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 35.83% during the forecast period. Moreover, the growth momentum will accelerate. North America will account for 44% of the market's growth during the forecast period. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of growth opportunities at regional levels, new product launches, the latest trends, and the post-pandemic recovery of the global market. For more Insights on market size, Request a sample report

Global robotic process automation market - Five forces
The global robotic process automation market is fragmented, and the five forces analysis covers– 

  • Bargaining power of buyers 
  • The threat of new entrants
  • Threat of rivalry
  • Bargaining power of suppliers
  • Threat of substitutes
  • For an interpretation of Porter's five forces model – buy the report!

Global robotic process automation market – Customer landscape 

The report includes the market's adoption lifecycle, from the innovator's stage to the laggard's stage. It focuses on adoption rates in different regions based on penetration. Furthermore, the report also includes key purchase criteria and drivers of price sensitivity to help companies evaluate and develop their growth strategies.

Global robotic process automation market - Segmentation assessment

Segment overview
Technavio has segmented the market based on type (services and software) and end-user (BFSI, IT/ITES, telecom, logistics, and others). 

  • The services segment will account for a significant share of the market's growth during the forecast period. This segment includes consulting, implementing, and training services. Service providers are improving their consulting, training, and advising offerings due to intense rivalry in the market. Continuous improvements in automation services that offer high scalability while minimizing costs have increased the demand for RPA.

Geography overview
Based on geography, the global robotic process automation market is segmented into North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East and Africa. The report provides actionable insights and estimates the contribution of all regions to the growth of the global robotic process automation market.

  • North America is estimated to account for 44% of the growth of the global market during the forecast period. Industries in the region focus on improving cognitive automation throughout their business operations with the help of RPA. The adoption of RPA is expected to increase, as industries are focusing on transforming their business operations. The optimization, transformation, and transition in industries are expected to increase the adoption of RPA during the forecast period

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Global robotic process automation market – Market dynamics
Key factor driving market growth

  • Improved cost savings for businesses are driving the growth of the market.
  • Industries are focusing on optimizing operational costs, which include the reduction of manual labor.
  • The implementation of RPA ensures a high return on investments, and its cost is lower than the procurement of industrial workers with different skill sets.
  • RPA can be easily integrated with different business applications, which allows industries to reduce the overhead cost related to manpower.
  • With the help of RPA, industries can expand their working capabilities with more flexibility.
  • They can manage business processes at a lower cost by reducing expenses in procuring on-shore and off-shore manpower.
  • Such factors will fuel the market growth during the forecast period.

Leading trends influencing the market 

  • Emerging trends in business process transformation are supporting market growth.
  • Various business operations are interlinked with other processes. For instance, robotic process automation plays a major role in service delivery automation.
  • Industries such as banking and financial services focus on timely deliverables and precision.
  • With the integration of robotic process automation, they can process a large amount of data, which enables fast data exchange with a high level of precision.
  • Such factors will further propel the market growth during the forecast period.

Major challenges hindering the market growth

  • The subscription cost of robotic process automation software is challenging the market growth.
  • The implementation of RPA software includes the price quoted by a third-party vendor.
  • Therefore, the subscription of RPA involves scheduled software updates and maintenance, and the pricing is based on the business model implementation.
  • Several regulatory terms and conditions need to be settled between the end-user and software provider before entering a contract.
  • This can increase the subscription cost or the cost incurred in design and development.
  • In case of conflict, the subscription negotiation has to be renewed, or the business model should be changed, both of which are time-intensive processes that can lead to downtime.
  • This affects the business process and productivity, which may limit the market growth during the forecast period.

Drivers, trends, and challenges have an impact on market dynamics, which can impact businesses. Find more insights in a sample report!

What are the key data covered in this robotic process automation market report?

  • CAGR of the market during the forecast period
  • Detailed information on factors that will drive the growth of the robotic process automation market between 2023 and 2027
  • Precise estimation of the size of the robotic process automation market and its contribution to the parent market
  • Accurate predictions about upcoming trends and changes in consumer behavior
  • Growth of the robotic process automation market across North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East and Africa
  • A thorough analysis of the market's competitive landscape and detailed information about vendors
  • Comprehensive analysis of factors that will challenge the growth of robotic process automation market vendors

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Related Reports:

The digital process automation market size is expected to increase by USD 8.08 billion from 2021 to 2026, and the market's growth momentum will accelerate at a CAGR of 15.46%. This report extensively covers digital process automation market segmentation by deployment (on-premises and cloud) and geography (North America, Europe, APAC, MEA, and South America).

The size of the process automation market in Europe is expected to increase by USD 2.43 billion from 2021 to 2026. The report extensively covers segmentation by type (discrete automation and process automation) and geography (Germany, UK, France, and Rest of Europe).

Robotic Process Automation Market Scope

Report Coverage

Details

Page number

178

Base year

2022

Historic period

2017-2021

Forecast period

2023-2027

Growth momentum & CAGR

Accelerate at a CAGR of 35.83%

Market growth 2023-2027

USD 16,628.29 million

Market structure

Fragmented

YoY growth 2022-2023 (%)

33.97

Regional analysis

North America, Europe, APAC, South America, and Middle East and Africa

Performing market contribution

North America at 44%

Key countries

US, China, Japan, UK, and Germany

Competitive landscape

Leading vendors, market positioning of vendors, competitive strategies, and industry risks

Key companies profiled

Accenture Plc, Advanced Systems Concepts Inc., Amelia US LLC, Atos SE, Automation Anywhere Inc., Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp., Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd., Genpact Ltd., Infosys Ltd., International Business Machines Corp., Kofax Inc., Microsoft Corp., NICE Ltd., Nintex Global Ltd., Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp., OnviSource Inc., Pegasystems Inc., SS and C Technologies Holdings Inc., UiPath Inc., and WorkFusion Inc.

Market dynamics

Parent market analysis, market growth inducers and obstacles, fast-growing and slow-growing segment analysis, COVID-19 impact and recovery analysis and future consumer dynamics, and market condition analysis for the forecast period.

Customization purview

If our report has not included the data that you are looking for, you can reach out to our analysts and get segments customized.

Browse for Technavio's information technology market reports

Table of contents

1 Executive Summary

  • 1.1 Market overview 
    • Exhibit 01: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Overview
    • Exhibit 02: Executive Summary – Data Table on Market Overview
    • Exhibit 03: Executive Summary – Chart on Global Market Characteristics
    • Exhibit 04: Executive Summary – Chart on Market by Geography
    • Exhibit 05: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation by Type
    • Exhibit 06: Executive Summary – Chart on Market Segmentation by End-user
    • Exhibit 07: Executive Summary – Chart on Incremental Growth
    • Exhibit 08: Executive Summary – Data Table on Incremental Growth
    • Exhibit 09: Executive Summary – Chart on Vendor Market Positioning

2 Market Landscape

  • 2.1 Market ecosystem 
    • Exhibit 10: Parent market
    • Exhibit 11: Market Characteristics

3 Market Sizing

  • 3.1 Market definition 
    • Exhibit 12: Offerings of vendors included in the market definition
  • 3.2 Market segment analysis 
    • Exhibit 13: Market segments
  • 3.3 Market size 2022
  • 3.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2022-2027 
    • Exhibit 14: Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 15: Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 16: Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 17: Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)

4 Historic Market Size

  • 4.1 Global robotic process automation market 2017 - 2021
    • Exhibit 18: Historic Market Size – Data Table on Global robotic process automation market 2017 - 2021 ($ million)
  • 4.2 Type Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021 
    • Exhibit 19: Historic Market Size – Type Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)
  • 4.3 End-user Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021 
    • Exhibit 20: Historic Market Size – End-user Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)
  • 4.4 Geography Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021 
    • Exhibit 21: Historic Market Size – Geography Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)
  • 4.5 Country Segment Analysis 2017 - 2021 
    • Exhibit 22: Historic Market Size – Country Segment 2017 - 2021 ($ million)

5 Five Forces Analysis

  • 5.1 Five forces summary 
    • Exhibit 23: Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2022 and 2027
  • 5.2 Bargaining power of buyers 
    • Exhibit 24: Chart on Bargaining power of buyers – Impact of key factors 2022 and 2027
  • 5.3 Bargaining power of suppliers 
    • Exhibit 25: Bargaining power of suppliers – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027
  • 5.4 Threat of new entrants 
    • Exhibit 26: Threat of new entrants – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027
  • 5.5 Threat of substitutes 
    • Exhibit 27: Threat of substitutes – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027
  • 5.6 Threat of rivalry 
    • Exhibit 28: Threat of rivalry – Impact of key factors in 2022 and 2027
  • 5.7 Market condition 
    • Exhibit 29: Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2022 and 2027

6 Market Segmentation by Type

  • 6.1 Market segments 
    • Exhibit 30: Chart on Type - Market share 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 31: Data Table on Type - Market share 2022-2027 (%)
  • 6.2 Comparison by Type 
    • Exhibit 32: Chart on Comparison by Type
    • Exhibit 33: Data Table on Comparison by Type
  • 6.3 Services - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 34: Chart on Services - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 35: Data Table on Services - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 36: Chart on Services - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 37: Data Table on Services - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 6.4 Software - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 38: Chart on Software - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 39: Data Table on Software - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 40: Chart on Software - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 41: Data Table on Software - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 6.5 Market opportunity by Type 
    • Exhibit 42: Market opportunity by Type ($ million)

7 Market Segmentation by End-user

  • 7.1 Market segments 
    • Exhibit 43: Chart on End-user - Market share 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 44: Data Table on End-user - Market share 2022-2027 (%)
  • 7.2 Comparison by End-user 
    • Exhibit 45: Chart on Comparison by End-user
    • Exhibit 46: Data Table on Comparison by End-user
  • 7.3 BFSI - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 47: Chart on BFSI - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 48: Data Table on BFSI - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 49: Chart on BFSI - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 50: Data Table on BFSI - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 7.4 IT/ITES - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 51: Chart on IT/ITES - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 52: Data Table on IT/ITES - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 53: Chart on IT/ITES - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 54: Data Table on IT/ITES - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 7.5 Telecom - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 55: Chart on Telecom - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 56: Data Table on Telecom - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 57: Chart on Telecom - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 58: Data Table on Telecom - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 7.6 Logistics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 59: Chart on Logistics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 60: Data Table on Logistics - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 61: Chart on Logistics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 62: Data Table on Logistics - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 7.7 Others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 63: Chart on Others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 64: Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 65: Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 66: Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 7.8 Market opportunity by End-user 
    • Exhibit 67: Market opportunity by End-user ($ million)

8 Customer Landscape

  • 8.1 Customer landscape overview 
    • Exhibit 68: Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria

9 Geographic Landscape

  • 9.1 Geographic segmentation 
    • Exhibit 69: Chart on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 70: Data Table on Market share by geography 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.2 Geographic comparison 
    • Exhibit 71: Chart on Geographic comparison
    • Exhibit 72: Data Table on Geographic comparison
  • 9.3 North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 73: Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 74: Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 75: Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 76: Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.4 Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 
    • Exhibit 77: Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 78: Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 79: Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 80: Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.5 APAC - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 81: Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 82: Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 83: Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 84: Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 85: Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 86: Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 87: Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 88: Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 
    • Exhibit 89: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 90: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 91: Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 92: Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.8 US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 93: Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 94: Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 95: Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 96: Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.9 UK - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 97: Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 98: Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 99: Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 100: Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.10 China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 101: Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 102: Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 103: Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 104: Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.11 Japan - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 105: Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 106: Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 107: Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 108: Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.12 Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027
    • Exhibit 109: Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 110: Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2022-2027 ($ million)
    • Exhibit 111: Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
    • Exhibit 112: Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2022-2027 (%)
  • 9.13 Market opportunity by geography 
    • Exhibit 113: Market opportunity by geography ($ million)

10 Drivers, Challenges, and Trends

  • 10.1 Market drivers
  • 10.2 Market challenges
  • 10.3 Impact of drivers and challenges 
    • Exhibit 114: Impact of drivers and challenges in 2022 and 2027
  • 10.4 Market trends

11 Vendor Landscape

  • 11.1 Overview
  • 11.2 Vendor landscape 
    • Exhibit 115: Overview on Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
  • 11.3 Landscape disruption 
    • Exhibit 116: Overview on factors of disruption
  • 11.4 Industry risks 
    • Exhibit 117: Impact of key risks on business

12 Vendor Analysis

  • 12.1 Vendors covered 
    • Exhibit 118: Vendors covered
  • 12.2 Market positioning of vendors 
    • Exhibit 119: Matrix on vendor position and classification
  • 12.3 Accenture Plc 
    • Exhibit 120: Accenture Plc - Overview
    • Exhibit 121: Accenture Plc - Business segments
    • Exhibit 122: Accenture Plc - Key news
    • Exhibit 123: Accenture Plc - Key offerings
    • Exhibit 124: Accenture Plc - Segment focus
  • 12.4 Advanced Systems Concepts Inc. 
    • Exhibit 125: Advanced Systems Concepts Inc. - Overview
    • Exhibit 126: Advanced Systems Concepts Inc. - Product / Service
    • Exhibit 127: Advanced Systems Concepts Inc. - Key offerings
  • 12.5 Amelia US LLC 
    • Exhibit 128: Amelia US LLC - Overview
    • Exhibit 129: Amelia US LLC - Product / Service
    • Exhibit 130: Amelia US LLC - Key offerings
  • 12.6 Atos SE 
    • Exhibit 131: Atos SE - Overview
    • Exhibit 132: Atos SE - Business segments
    • Exhibit 133: Atos SE - Key news
    • Exhibit 134: Atos SE - Key offerings
    • Exhibit 135: Atos SE - Segment focus
  • 12.7 Automation Anywhere Inc. 
    • Exhibit 136: Automation Anywhere Inc. - Overview
    • Exhibit 137: Automation Anywhere Inc. - Product / Service
    • Exhibit 138: Automation Anywhere Inc. - Key offerings
  • 12.8 Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. 
    • Exhibit 139: Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. - Overview
    • Exhibit 140: Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. - Business segments
    • Exhibit 141: Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. - Key news
    • Exhibit 142: Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. - Key offerings
    • Exhibit 143: Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. - Segment focus
  • 12.9 Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd. 
    • Exhibit 144: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd. - Overview
    • Exhibit 145: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd. - Business segments
    • Exhibit 146: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd. - Key offerings
    • Exhibit 147: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd. - Segment focus
  • 12.10 Genpact Ltd. 
    • Exhibit 148: Genpact Ltd. - Overview
    • Exhibit 149: Genpact Ltd. - Business segments
    • Exhibit 150: Genpact Ltd. - Key news
    • Exhibit 151: Genpact Ltd. - Key offerings
    • Exhibit 152: Genpact Ltd. - Segment focus
  • 12.11 Infosys Ltd. 
    • Exhibit 153: Infosys Ltd. - Overview
    • Exhibit 154: Infosys Ltd. - Business segments
    • Exhibit 155: Infosys Ltd. - Key news
    • Exhibit 156: Infosys Ltd. - Key offerings
    • Exhibit 157: Infosys Ltd. - Segment focus
  • 12.12 International Business Machines Corp.
    • Exhibit 158: International Business Machines Corp. - Overview
    • Exhibit 159: International Business Machines Corp. - Business segments
    • Exhibit 160: International Business Machines Corp. - Key news
    • Exhibit 161: International Business Machines Corp. - Key offerings
    • Exhibit 162: International Business Machines Corp. - Segment focus
  • 12.13 NICE Ltd. 
    • Exhibit 163: NICE Ltd. - Overview
    • Exhibit 164: NICE Ltd. - Business segments
    • Exhibit 165: NICE Ltd. - Key news
    • Exhibit 166: NICE Ltd. - Key offerings
    • Exhibit 167: NICE Ltd. - Segment focus
  • 12.14 Nintex Global Ltd. 
    • Exhibit 168: Nintex Global Ltd. - Overview
    • Exhibit 169: Nintex Global Ltd. - Product / Service
    • Exhibit 170: Nintex Global Ltd. - Key offerings
  • 12.15 Pegasystems Inc. 
    • Exhibit 171: Pegasystems Inc. - Overview
    • Exhibit 172: Pegasystems Inc. - Product / Service
    • Exhibit 173: Pegasystems Inc. - Key news
    • Exhibit 174: Pegasystems Inc. - Key offerings
  • 12.16 SS and C Technologies Holdings Inc. 
    • Exhibit 175: SS and C Technologies Holdings Inc. - Overview
    • Exhibit 176: SS and C Technologies Holdings Inc. - Product / Service
    • Exhibit 177: SS and C Technologies Holdings Inc. - Key news
    • Exhibit 178: SS and C Technologies Holdings Inc. - Key offerings
  • 12.17 UiPath Inc. 
    • Exhibit 179: UiPath Inc. - Overview
    • Exhibit 180: UiPath Inc. - Business segments
    • Exhibit 181: UiPath Inc. - Key offerings
    • Exhibit 182: UiPath Inc. - Segment focus

13 Appendix

  • 13.1 Scope of the report
  • 13.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist 
    • Exhibit 183: Inclusions checklist
    • Exhibit 184: Exclusions checklist
  • 13.3 Currency conversion rates for US$ 
    • Exhibit 185: Currency conversion rates for US$
  • 13.4 Research methodology 
    • Exhibit 186: Research methodology
    • Exhibit 187: Validation techniques employed for market sizing
    • Exhibit 188: Information sources
  • 13.5 List of abbreviations 
    • Exhibit 189: List of abbreviations
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Technavio is a leading global technology research and advisory company. Their research and analysis focus on emerging market trends and provide actionable insights to help businesses identify market opportunities and develop effective strategies to optimize their market positions. With over 500 specialized analysts, Technavio's report library consists of more than 17,000 reports and counting, covering 800 technologies, spanning across 50 countries. Their client base consists of enterprises of all sizes, including more than 100 Fortune 500 companies. This growing client base relies on Technavio's comprehensive coverage, extensive research, and actionable market insights to identify opportunities in existing and potential markets and assess their competitive positions within changing market scenarios.

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Debate Continues On Whether Bitcoin Is A Suitable Hedge For Hyperinflation

Bitcoin, the world’s first decentralized digital currency, has been gaining traction in recent years as a potential hedge against hyperinflation in fiat…

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37 mins ago

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March 26, 2023

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Bitcoin, the world’s first decentralized digital currency, has been gaining traction in recent years as a potential hedge against hyperinflation in fiat currencies. As the world’s reserve currency, the U.S. dollar has been the subject of much debate regarding its stability and potential vulnerability to hyperinflation.

As Coindesk explains, Twitter was ablaze with reactions to former Coinbase Chief Technology Officer Balaji Srinivasan accepting a bet proposed by James Medlock that, due to hyperinflation in the United States, a single bitcoin would be worth $1 million in just 90 days.

This prompted CoinDesk Chief Content Officer Michael J. Casey to discuss the future of bitcoin on the publication’s All About Bitcoin podcast. The discussion is an extension of Bitcoin suitability as an inflation hedge that has been raging ever since Satoshi Nakamoto first developed this novel form of currency.

In general, many proponents of Bitcoin argue that the cryptocurrency’s finite supply and decentralized nature make it a viable alternative to traditional currencies, while others remain skeptical of its ability to serve as a hedge against inflation.

The U.S. dollar has been the world’s reserve currency since the end of World War II, and its stability has been a cornerstone of the global financial system. However, the Federal Reserve has increased the money supply dramatically in recent years to stimulate the economy, leading some to worry about the potential for inflation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has also put pressure on the economy, causing Federal Reserve to again begin increasing its balance sheet after a brief period of quantitative tightening. This, in response to consumers pulling their money out of the banking system to the tune of $475 billion last week alone. According to the Fed’s updated balance sheet, approximately two-thirds of the Fed’s quantitative tightening program—a program designed to reduce its balance sheet which was a year in the making—has been reversed.

The overarching fear among many analysts is that with bond market inversion signaling the economy is headed into recession, and with the Fed Funds rate a five percent, the Federal Reserve will soon be forced to enact another round of quantitative easing.  Net interest payments on the debt are estimated to total $395.5 billion this fiscal year, or 6.8% of all federal outlays, according to the Office of Management and Budget. And this total is rising.

Quantitative easing (QE) is a monetary policy tool used by central banks to increase the money supply and encourage lending and investment. It involves the purchase of government securities or other assets by the central bank, which injects money into the economy and increases the amount of credit available to banks and other financial institutions.

Hyperflation And Bitcoin Debate

As mentioned off the top, the debate about whether Bitcoin can mitigate the effects of hyperinflation is a conversation that will continue to gain traction over time. This is due to fears that the money supply is again headed for a dramatic increase, due to the recent banking crisis which may require a massive influx or capital, upcoming recession support spending, higher interest payment of federal debt, and more.

Hyperinflation is a situation in which a country experiences a rapid and out-of-control increase in prices, often resulting in the collapse of its currency. It is usually caused by an excessive increase in the money supply, which reduces the currency’s purchasing power. This scenario is not hypothetical, as history has seen several instances of hyperinflation.

For example, Germany’s hyperinflation in the 1920s resulted in people burning money for fuel and using it as wallpaper, while Zimbabwe’s hyperinflation in the 2000s led to people using billion-dollar notes as napkins.

Bitcoin, on the other hand, has a finite supply of 21 million coins, with approximately 18.6 million already in circulation. This means that the supply of Bitcoin is limited and cannot be increased, theoretically making it immune to the effects of inflation caused by an increase in the money supply.

In addition, Bitcoin is decentralized, meaning that it is not controlled by any central authority, government, or financial institution. This makes it less vulnerable to the effects of political instability, such as hyperinflation caused by government mismanagement of the economy.

The Case Against Bitcoin As A Suitable (Hyper)Inflation Hedge

Some critics argue that Bitcoin is not a viable alternative to fiat currencies, including the U.S. dollar. They point out that Bitcoin’s price is highly volatile, with wild swings in value that make it difficult to use as a stable store of value. In addition, Bitcoin is not widely accepted as a means of payment, with only a small percentage of businesses accepting it as a form of payment. This limits its usefulness as a currency and makes it more difficult for individuals to use it as a hedge against inflation.

Another issue with Bitcoin as a hedge against hyperinflation is its lack of intrinsic value. While traditional currencies such as the U.S. dollar are backed by the government and have a certain amount of value due to their widespread acceptance, Bitcoin’s value is based solely on market demand. This makes it more vulnerable to market forces and less reliable as a long-term store of value.

It is worth noting in any conversation about Bitcoin vs. hyperinflation that its finite money supply does not guarantee that it will be a suitable inflation hedge. If governments are able to corral the gateways in which Bitcoin can be spent, acquired or transacted on, it is possible that transaction volume will never reach a critical mass to become a widescale alternative form of currency.

Despite these criticisms, many Bitcoin believers continue to purchase the cryptocurrency as a potential hedge against hyperinflation. Its decentralized nature and finite supply make it an attractive alternative to fiat currencies that are subject to political and economic instability. In addition, the increasing adoption of Bitcoin by businesses and individuals is making it more mainstream, which could further increase its value over time.

Given Bitcoin’s recent performance in the face of the U.S. banking calamity, there may be more believers than detractors give credit for.

The post Debate Continues On Whether Bitcoin Is A Suitable Hedge For Hyperinflation appeared first on The Dales Report.

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Southwest Airlines Wants to End a Major Passenger Problem

The company has a novel way to end a practice that passengers hate.

Published

38 mins ago

on

March 26, 2023

By

The company has a novel way to end a practice that passengers hate.

Southwest Airlines boards its planes in a way very different from that of any of its major rivals.

As fans and detractors of the brand know, the airline does not offer seat assignments. Instead, passengers board by group and number. When you check into your flight, Southwest assigns you to the A, B, or C boarding groups and gives you a number 1-60. The A group boards first in numerical order.

DON'T MISS: Delta Move Is Bad News For Southwest, United Airlines Passengers

In theory, people board in the assigned order and can claim any seat that's available. In practice, the airline's boarding process leaves a lot of gray area that some people exploit. Others simply don't know exactly what the rules are.

If, for example, you are traveling with a friend who has a much later boarding number, is it okay to save a middle seat for that person?

Generally, that's okay because middle seats are less desirable, but technically it's not allowed. In general practice, if you move into the second half of the plane, no passenger will fight for a specific middle seat, but toward the front some may claim a middle seat.

There's less grey area, however, when it comes to trying to keep people from sitting in unoccupied seats. That's a huge problem for the airline, one that Southwest has tried to address in a humorous way.

A Southwest Airlines plane is in the air. 

Image source: Shutterstock

Southwest Airlines Has a Boarding Problem

When Southwest boards its flights it generally communicates to passengers about how full it expects the plane to be. In very rare cases, the airline will tell passengers when the crowd is small and they can expect that nobody will have to sit in a middle seat.

In most cases, however, at least since air travel has recovered after the covid pandemic, the airline usually announces that the flight is full or nearly full as passengers board. That's a de facto (and sometimes explicit) call not to attempt to discourage people from taking open seats in your row.

Unfortunately, many passengers know that sometimes when the airline says a flight is full, that's not entirely true. There might be a few no shows or a few seats that end up being open for one reason or another.

That leads to passengers -- at least a few of them on nearly every flight -- going to great lengths to try to end up next to an empty seat. Southwest has tried lots of different ways to discourage this behavior and has now resorted to humor in an effort to stop the seat hogs.

Southwest Uses Humor to Address a Pain Point

The airline recently released a video that addressed what it called "discouraged but crafty strategies to get a row to yourself" on Southwest. The video shows a man demonstrating all the different ways people try to dissuade other passengers from taking the open seats in their row.

These include, but are not limited to:

  • Laying out across the whole row.   
  • Holding your arm up to sort of block the seats.
  • Being too encouraging about someone taking the seat.
  • Actually saying no when someone asks if they can have an open seat. 

The airline also detailed a scenario it called "the fake breakup," where the person in the seat holds a loud phone conversation where he pretends he's being broken up with.

That one seems a bit of a reach, especially when Southwest left the most common seat-saving tactic out of its video -- simply putting some of your stuff in the open seat to make it appear unavailable.

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Das: Is A Full-Blown Global Banking Crisis In The Offing?

Das: Is A Full-Blown Global Banking Crisis In The Offing?

Authored by Styajit Das via NewIndianExpress.com,

If everything is fine, then why…

Published

1 day ago

on

March 25, 2023

By

Das: Is A Full-Blown Global Banking Crisis In The Offing?

Authored by Styajit Das via NewIndianExpress.com,

If everything is fine, then why are US banks borrowing billions at punitive rates at the discount window... a larger amount than in 2008/9?

Financial crashes like revolutions are impossible until they are inevitable. They typically proceed in stages. Since central banks began to increase interest rates in response to rising inflation, financial markets have been under pressure.

In 2022, there was the crypto meltdown (approximately $2 trillion of losses).

The S&P500 index fell about 20 percent. The largest US technology companies, which include Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet and Amazon, lost around $4.6 trillion in market value  The September 2022 UK gilt crisis may have cost $500 billion. 30 percent of emerging market countries and 60 percent of low-income nations face a debt crisis. The problems have now reached the financial system, with US, European and Japanese banks losing around $460 billion in market value in March 2023.

While it is too early to say whether a full-fledged financial crisis is imminent, the trajectory is unpromising.

***

The affected US regional banks had specific failings. The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank ("SVB") highlighted the interest rate risk of financing holdings of long-term fixed-rate securities with short-term deposits. SVB and First Republic Bank ("FRB") also illustrate the problem of the $250,000 limit on Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") coverage. Over 90 percent of failed SVB and Signature Bank as well as two-thirds of FRB deposits were uninsured, creating a predisposition to a liquidity run in periods of financial uncertainty.

The crisis is not exclusively American. Credit Suisse has been, to date, the highest-profile European institution affected. The venerable Swiss bank -- which critics dubbed  'Debit Suisse' -- has a troubled history of banking dictators, money laundering, sanctions breaches, tax evasion and fraud, shredding documents sought by regulators and poor risk management evidenced most recently by high-profile losses associated with hedge fund Archegos and fintech firm Greensill. It has been plagued by corporate espionage, CEO turnover and repeated unsuccessful restructurings.

In February 2023, Credit Suisse announced an annual loss of nearly Swiss Franc 7.3 billion ($7.9 billion), its biggest since the financial crisis in 2008. Since the start of 2023, the bank's share price had fallen by about 25 percent. It was down more than 70 percent over the last year and nearly 90 percent over 5 years. Credit Suisse wealth management clients withdrew Swiss Franc 123 billion ($133 billion) of deposits in 2022, mostly in the fourth quarter.

The categoric refusal -- "absolutely not" -- of its key shareholder Saudi National Bank to inject new capital into Credit Suisse precipitated its end. It followed the announcement earlier in March that fund manager Harris Associates, a longest-standing shareholder, had sold its entire stake after losing patience with the Swiss Bank’s strategy and questioning the future of its franchise.

While the circumstances of individual firms exhibit differences, there are uncomfortable commonalities - interest rate risk, uninsured deposits and exposure to loss of funding.

***

Banks globally increased investment in high-quality securities -- primarily government and agency backed mortgage-backed securities ("MBS"). It was driven by an excess of customer deposits relative to loan demand in an environment of abundant liquidity. Another motivation was the need to boost earnings under low-interest conditions which were squeezing net interest margin because deposit rates were largely constrained at the zero bound. The latter was, in part, driven by central bank regulations which favour customer deposit funding and the risk of loss of these if negative rates are applied.

Higher rates resulted in unrealised losses on these investments exceeding $600 billion as at end 2022 at
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-insured US banks. If other interest-sensitive assets are included, then the loss for American banks alone may be around $2,000 billion. Globally, the total unrealised loss might be two to three times that.

Pundits, most with passing practical banking experience, have criticised the lack of hedging. The reality is that eliminating interest rate risk is costly and would reduce earnings. While SVB's portfolio's duration was an outlier, banks routinely invest in 1- to 5-year securities and run some level of the resulting interest rate exposure.

Additional complexities inform some investment portfolios. Japanese investors have large holdings of domestic and foreign long-maturity bonds. The market value of these fixed-rate investments have fallen. While Japanese short-term rates have not risen significantly, rising inflationary pressures may force increases that would reduce the margin between investment returns and interest expense reducing earnings.

It is unclear how much of the currency risk on these holdings of Japanese investors is hedged. A fall in the dollar, the principal denomination of these investments, would result in additional losses. The announcement by the US Federal Reserve ("the Fed") of coordinated action with other major central banks (Canada, England, Japan, Euro-zone and Switzerland) to provide US dollar liquidity suggests ongoing issues in hedging these currency exposures.

Banking is essentially a confidence trick because of the inherent mismatch between short-term deposits and longer-term assets. As the rapid demise of Credit Suisse highlights, strong capital and liquidity ratios count for little when depositors take flight.

Banks now face falling customer deposits as monetary stimulus is withdrawn, the build-up of savings during the pandemic is drawn down and the economy slows. In the US, deposits are projected to decline by up to 6 percent. Financial instability and apprehension about the solvency of individual institutions can, as recent experience corroborates, result in bank runs.

***

The fact is that events have significantly weakened the global banking system. A 10 percent loss on bank bond holdings would, if realised, decrease bank shareholder capital by around a quarter. This is before potential loan losses, as higher rates affect interest-sensitive sectors of the economy, are incorporated.

One vulnerable sector is property, due to high levels of leverage generally employed.

House prices are falling albeit from artificially high pandemic levels. Many households face financial stress due to high mortgage debt, rising repayments, cost of living increases and lagging real income. Risks in commercial real estate are increasing. The construction sector globally shows sign of slowing down. Capital expenditure is decreasing because of uncertainty about future prospects. Higher material and energy costs are pushing up prices further lowering demand.

Heavily indebted companies, especially in cyclical sectors like non-essential goods and services and many who borrowed heavily to get through the pandemic will find it difficult to repay debt. The last decade saw an increase in leveraged purchases of businesses. The value of outstanding US leveraged loans used in these transactions nearly tripled from $500 billion in 2010 to around $1.4 trillion as of August 2022, comparable to the $1.5 trillion high-yield bond market. There were similar rises in Europe and elsewhere.

Business bankruptcies are increasing in Europe and the UK although they fell in the US in 2022. The effects of higher rates are likely to take time to emerge due to staggered debt maturities and the timing of re-pricing. Default rates are projected to rise globally resulting in bank bad debts, reduced earnings and erosion of capital buffers.

***

There is a concerted effort by financial officials and their acolytes to reassure the population and mainly themselves of the safety of the financial system. Protestations of a sound banking system and the absence of contagion is an oxymoron. If the authorities are correct then why evoke the ‘systemic risk exemption’ to guarantee all depositors of failed banks? If there is liquidity to meet withdrawals then why the logorrhoea about the sufficiency of funds? If everything is fine, then why have US banks borrowed $153 billion at a punitive 4.75% against collateral at the discount window, a larger amount than in 2008/9? Why the compelling need for authorities to provide over $1 trillion in money or force bank mergers?

John Kenneth Galbraith once remarked that "anyone who says he won't resign four times, will". In a similar vein, the incessant repetition about the absence of any financial crisis suggests exactly the opposite.

***

The essential structure of the banking is unstable, primarily because of its high leverage where around $10 of equity supports $100 of assets. The desire to encourage competition and diversity, local needs, parochialism and fear of excessive numbers of systemically important and 'too-big-to-fail' institutions also mean that there are too many banks.

There are over 4,000 commercial banks in the US insured by the FDIC with nearly $24 trillion in assets, most of them small or mid-sized. Germany has around 1,900 banks including 1,000 cooperative banks, 400 Sparkassen, and smaller numbers of private banks and Landesbanken. Switzerland has over 240 banks with only four (now three) major institutions and a large number of cantonal, regional and savings banks.

Even if they were adequately staffed and equipped, managers and regulators would find it difficult to monitor and enforce rules. This creates a tendency for 'accidents' and periodic runs to larger banks.

Deposit insurance is one favoured means of ensuring customer safety and assured funding. But that entails a delicate balance between consumer protection and moral hazard - concerns that it might encourage risky behaviour. There is the issue of the extent of protection.

In reality, no deposit insurance system can safeguard a banking system completely, especially under conditions of stress. It would overwhelm the sovereign's balance sheet and credit. Banks and consumers would ultimately have to bear the cost.

Deposit insurance can have cross-border implications. Thought bubbles like extending FDIC deposit coverage to all deposits for even a limited period can transmit problems globally and disrupt currency markets. If the US guarantees all deposits, then depositors might withdraw money from banks in their home countries to take advantage of the scheme setting off an international flight of capital. The movement of funds would aggravate any dollar shortages and complicate hedging of foreign exchange exposures. It may push up the value of the currency inflicting losses on emerging market borrowers and reducing American export competitiveness.

In effect, there are few if any neat, simple answers.

***

This means the resolution of any banking crisis relies, in practice, on private sector initiatives or public bailouts.

The deposit of $30 billion at FRB by a group of major banks is similar to actions during the 1907 US banking crisis and the 1998 $3.6 billion bailout of hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management. Such transactions, if they are unsuccessful, risk dragging the saviours into a morass of expanding financial commitments as may be the case with FRB.

A related option is the forced sale or shotgun marriage. It is unclear how given systemic issues in banking, the blind lending assistance to the deaf and dumb strengthens the financial system. Given the ignominious record of many bank mergers, it is puzzling why foisting a failing institution onto a healthy rival constitutes sound policy.

HSBC, which is purchasing SVB's UK operations, has a poor record of acquisitions that included Edmond Safra's Republic Bank which caused it much embarrassment and US sub-prime lender Household International just prior to the 2008 crisis. The bank's decision to purchase SVB UK for a nominal £1 ($1.20) was despite a rushed due diligence and admissions that it was unable to fully analyse 30 percent of the target's loan book. It was justified as 'strategic' and the opportunity to win new start-up clients.

On 19 March 2023, Swiss regulators arranged for a reluctant UBS, the country's largest bank, to buy Credit Suisse after it become clear that an emergency Swiss Franc 50 billion ($54 billion) credit line provided by the Swiss National Bank was unlikely to arrest the decline. UBS will pay about Swiss Franc 0.76 a share in its own stock, a total value of around Swiss Franc 3 billion ($3.2 billion). While triple the earlier proposed price, it is nearly 60 percent lower than CS’s last closing price of Swiss Franc1.86.

Investors cheered the purchase as a generational bargain for UBS. This ignores Credit Suisse's unresolved issues including toxic assets and legacy litigation exposures. It was oblivious to well-known difficulties in integrating institutions, particularly different business models, systems, practices, jurisdictions and cultures. The purchase does not solve Credit Suisse's fundamental business and financial problems which are now UBS’s.

It also leaves Switzerland with the problem of concentrated exposure to a single large bank, a shift from its hitherto preferred two-bank model. Analysts seemed to have forgotten that UBS itself had to be supported by the state in 2008 with taxpayer funds after suffering large losses to avoid the bank being acquired by foreign buyers.

***

The only other option is some degree of state support.

The UBS acquisition of Credit Suisse requires the Swiss National Bank to assume certain risks. It will provide a Swiss Franc 100 billion ($108 billion) liquidity line backed by an enigmatically titled government default guarantee, presumably in addition to the earlier credit support. The Swiss government is also providing a loss guarantee on certain assets of up to Swiss Franc 9 billion ($9.7 billion), which operates after UBS bears the first Swiss Franc 5 billion ($5.4 billion) of losses.

The state can underwrite bank liabilities including all deposits as some countries did after 2008. As US Treasury Secretary Yellen reluctantly admitted to Congress, the extension of FDIC coverage was contingent on US officials and regulators determining systemic risk as happened with SVB and Signature. Another alternative is to recapitalise banks with public money as was done after 2008 or finance the removal of distressed or toxic assets from bank books.

Socialisation of losses is politically and financially expensive.

Despite protestations to the contrary, the dismal truth is that in a major financial crisis, lenders to and owners of systemic large banks will be bailed out to some extent.

European supervisors have been critical of the US decision to break with its own standard of guaranteeing only the first $250,000 of deposits by invoking a systemic risk exception while excluding SVB as too small to be required to comply with the higher standards applicable to larger banks. There now exist voluminous manuals on handling bank collapses such as imposing losses on owners, bondholders and other unsecured creditors, including depositors with funds exceeding guarantee limit, as well as resolution plans designed to minimise the fallout from failures. Prepared by expensive consultants, they serve the essential function of satisfying regulatory checklists. Theoretically sound reforms are not consistently followed in practice. Under fire in trenches, regulators concentrate on more practical priorities.

The debate about bank regulation misses a central point. Since the 1980s, the economic system has become addicted to borrowing-funded consumption and investment. Bank credit is central to this process. Some recommendations propose a drastic reduction in bank leverage from the current 10-to-1 to a mere 3-to1. The resulting contraction would have serious implications for economic activity and asset values.

In Annie Hall, Woody Allen cannot have his brother, who thinks he is a chicken, treated by a psychiatrist because the family needs the eggs. Banking regulation flounders on the same logic.

As in all crises, commentators have reached for the 150-year-old dictum of Walter Bagehot in Lombard Street that a central bank's job is "to lend in a panic on every kind of current security, or every sort on which money is ordinarily and usually lent."

Central bankers are certainly lending, although advancing funds based on the face value of securities with much lower market values would not seem to be what the former editor of The Economist had in mind. It also ignores the final part of the statement that such actions "may not save the bank; but if it do not, nothing will save it."

Banks everywhere remain exposed. US regional banks, especially those with a high proportion of uninsured deposits, remain under pressure.

European banks, in Germany, Italy and smaller Euro-zone economies, may be susceptible because of poor profitability, lack of essential scale, questionable loan quality and the residual scar tissue from the 2011 debt crisis.

Emerging market banks' loan books face the test of an economic slowdown. There are specific sectoral concerns such as the exposure of Chinese banks to the property sector which has necessitated significant ($460 billion) state support.

Contagion may spread across a hyper-connected financial system from country to country and from smaller to larger more systematically important banks. Declining share prices and credit ratings downgrades combined with a slowdown in inter-bank transactions, as credit risk managers become increasingly cautious, will transmit stress across global markets.

For the moment, whether the third banking crisis in two decades remains contained is a matter of faith and belief. Financial markets will test policymakers' resolve in the coming days and weeks.

Tyler Durden Sat, 03/25/2023 - 10:30

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