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Research Roundup: Nanotherapy and Islet Transplants for Diabetes and More

Researchers have been working to develop approaches to curing Type 1 diabetes by transplanting healthy islet cells into the pancreas. Investigators at Northwestern University have developed a technique to make the immunomodulation effect of immunosuppress

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Research Roundup: Nanotherapy and Islet Transplants for Diabetes and More

For about a century, the way to treat Type 1 diabetes has been via insulin injections. Although research has been conducted on pancreatic islet transplants, it’s a tough nut to crack in terms of organ rejection. There’s been a potential breakthrough in that area involving nanotherapy. For that and more research news, continue reading.

Nanotherapy May Make Islet Transplants Viable to Treat Type 1 Diabetes

Researchers have been working to develop approaches to curing Type 1 diabetes by transplanting healthy islet cells into the pancreas. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the immune system attacking the islet cells, damaging them and preventing them from producing insulin, which is necessary for controlling glucose levels in the blood. Traditional treatment is regular injections of the hormone insulin via syringe, insulin pump or another device. Attempts to transplant islets have had setbacks primarily around immune system rejection of the new islets. Immunosuppressive drugs don’t seem to be effective in protecting the transplanted cells and tissues from the immune system and have other undesirable side effects.

Investigators at Northwestern University have developed a technique to make the immunomodulation effect of immunosuppressive drugs more effective. It utilizes nanocarriers to re-engineer rapamycin, a common immunosuppressant drug. The rapamycin-loaded nanocarriers target specific cells related to the transplant without more broadly dampening the body’s immune response. Rapamycin is usually dosed orally, but because of toxicity, has to be closely monitored. At low doses, it is not effective in islet transplantation. The use of the nanoparticles allowed the team to deliver rapamycin via a subcutaneous injection, which allowed it to be more effective at about half the standard dose. They published their research in Nature Nanotechnology.

The approach in mice with diabetes eradicated the disease for the entire 100-day study with minimal side effects. They also showed that mice treated with the delivery system had a “robust immune response” compared to a cohort of mice receiving standard treatments of rapamycin.

Source: BioSpace

“This approach can be applied to other transplanted tissue and organs, opening up new research areas and options for patients,” said Guillermo Ameer, the Daniel Hale Williams Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Northwestern’s McCormick School of Engineering and director of the Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering (CARE). “We are now working on taking these very exciting results one step closer to clinical use.”

A Clue to COVID-19 Brain Fog

Researchers at the University of California – San Francisco evaluated 32 adults, 22 with cognitive symptoms and 10 control patients, to investigate “brain fog” in post-COVID-19 patients. They analyzed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 17 of the participants. All the participants had COVID-19 but did not require hospitalization. They found that 10 of 13 people with cognitive symptoms had abnormalities in their CSF. However, four patients with no cognitive symptoms had normal CSF samples.  Brain fog was identified as problems remembering recent events, remembering names or words, focus issues and problems keeping and manipulating information. They found elevated protein levels in the CSF patients with the abnormalities, suggesting inflammation. They also found the presence of unexpected antibodies in an activated immune system. Some of these were found in the blood as well, which the researchers say suggests a systemic inflammatory response. When it is unique to the CSF, it suggests brain inflammation. They don’t yet know what the targets of the antibodies are, although they speculate they might be attacking the body itself in a sort of auto-immune response. They also found that the participants with cognitive symptoms had an average of 2.5 cognitive risk factors compared to an average of less than one risk factor for participants who did not show brain fog. Those risk factors included diabetes, hypertension, a history of ADHD, anxiety, depression, heavy alcohol or repeated stimulant use, and learning disabilities.

A Gene ID’ed that Acts as a First-Line Response to Viral Infection

Researchers at the University of California – San Diego, working with small worms, Caenorhabditis elegans, to determine how they defended themselves against pathogens, identified a protein called ZIP-1 that act as a centralized site for immune response. ZIP-1is a transcription factor protein that helps transfer DNA information to messenger RNA (mRNA). It appears very early in the immune response and seemed to stimulate defenses to infection. The subset of genes controlled by ZIP-1 is important for immunity. It appeared active against a range of pathogens, including viruses, fungus and heat stress. The responses all went through the same central ZIP-1 hub to switch on a set of immune genes. Future research will focus on how the receptors sense a virus, which is similar to what humans have in their own immune responses.

A New Drug Delivery System?

Investigators at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health enucleated cells — removed the nucleus — then used the genetically engineered cell to deliver therapeutics precisely to target tissues. They engineered mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to increase their disease-seeking behavior, enucleated them while keeping other organelles that produce energy and proteins. Then, working in mouse models of acute inflammation and of pancreatitis, packed the cells, called “Cargocytes,” with an anti-inflammatory cytokine and administered them systemically to the mice. In the mice, the cells produced bioactive therapeutics at high levels to their targeted locations within days and were effective at treating the disease.

How DNA Gets Packed into the Nucleus

DNA, if stretched out, would be almost six feet long. But in the nucleus of cells, it gets packed into chromosomes about one-millionth its size. All without becoming a tangled mess. Researchers at Pohang University of Science & Technology and Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology used X-rays from a third-generation synchrotron to confirm that chromosomes were formed in a fractal structure instead of the hierarchical structure previously thought. They published their research in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).

Changyong Song, with Pohang University said, “The technique developed in the study not only provides the key to understanding genetics — the essence of all living things — but also to uncover the 3D structures of other materials, such as viruses, whose detailed structure is of significant importance.”

BioSpace source:

https://www.biospace.com/article/research-roundup-nanotherapy-and-islet-transplants-for-diabetes-and-more-

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Survey Shows Declining Concerns Among Americans About COVID-19

Survey Shows Declining Concerns Among Americans About COVID-19

A new survey reveals that only 20% of Americans view covid-19 as "a major threat"…

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Survey Shows Declining Concerns Among Americans About COVID-19

A new survey reveals that only 20% of Americans view covid-19 as "a major threat" to the health of the US population - a sharp decline from a high of 67% in July 2020.

(SARMDY/Shutterstock)

What's more, the Pew Research Center survey conducted from Feb. 7 to Feb. 11 showed that just 10% of Americans are concerned that they will  catch the disease and require hospitalization.

"This data represents a low ebb of public concern about the virus that reached its height in the summer and fall of 2020, when as many as two-thirds of Americans viewed COVID-19 as a major threat to public health," reads the report, which was published March 7.

According to the survey, half of the participants understand the significance of researchers and healthcare providers in understanding and treating long COVID - however 27% of participants consider this issue less important, while 22% of Americans are unaware of long COVID.

What's more, while Democrats were far more worried than Republicans in the past, that gap has narrowed significantly.

"In the pandemic’s first year, Democrats were routinely about 40 points more likely than Republicans to view the coronavirus as a major threat to the health of the U.S. population. This gap has waned as overall levels of concern have fallen," reads the report.

More via the Epoch Times;

The survey found that three in ten Democrats under 50 have received an updated COVID-19 vaccine, compared with 66 percent of Democrats ages 65 and older.

Moreover, 66 percent of Democrats ages 65 and older have received the updated COVID-19 vaccine, while only 24 percent of Republicans ages 65 and older have done so.

“This 42-point partisan gap is much wider now than at other points since the start of the outbreak. For instance, in August 2021, 93 percent of older Democrats and 78 percent of older Republicans said they had received all the shots needed to be fully vaccinated (a 15-point gap),” it noted.

COVID-19 No Longer an Emergency

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently issued its updated recommendations for the virus, which no longer require people to stay home for five days after testing positive for COVID-19.

The updated guidance recommends that people who contracted a respiratory virus stay home, and they can resume normal activities when their symptoms improve overall and their fever subsides for 24 hours without medication.

“We still must use the commonsense solutions we know work to protect ourselves and others from serious illness from respiratory viruses, this includes vaccination, treatment, and staying home when we get sick,” CDC director Dr. Mandy Cohen said in a statement.

The CDC said that while the virus remains a threat, it is now less likely to cause severe illness because of widespread immunity and improved tools to prevent and treat the disease.

Importantly, states and countries that have already adjusted recommended isolation times have not seen increased hospitalizations or deaths related to COVID-19,” it stated.

The federal government suspended its free at-home COVID-19 test program on March 8, according to a website set up by the government, following a decrease in COVID-19-related hospitalizations.

According to the CDC, hospitalization rates for COVID-19 and influenza diseases remain “elevated” but are decreasing in some parts of the United States.

Tyler Durden Sun, 03/10/2024 - 22:45

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Rand Paul Teases Senate GOP Leader Run – Musk Says “I Would Support”

Rand Paul Teases Senate GOP Leader Run – Musk Says "I Would Support"

Republican Kentucky Senator Rand Paul on Friday hinted that he may jump…

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Rand Paul Teases Senate GOP Leader Run - Musk Says "I Would Support"

Republican Kentucky Senator Rand Paul on Friday hinted that he may jump into the race to become the next Senate GOP leader, and Elon Musk was quick to support the idea. Republicans must find a successor for periodically malfunctioning Mitch McConnell, who recently announced he'll step down in November, though intending to keep his Senate seat until his term ends in January 2027, when he'd be within weeks of turning 86. 

So far, the announced field consists of two quintessential establishment types: John Cornyn of Texas and John Thune of South Dakota. While John Barrasso's name had been thrown around as one of "The Three Johns" considered top contenders, the Wyoming senator on Tuesday said he'll instead seek the number two slot as party whip. 

Paul used X to tease his potential bid for the position which -- if the GOP takes back the upper chamber in November -- could graduate from Minority Leader to Majority Leader. He started by telling his 5.1 million followers he'd had lots of people asking him about his interest in running...

...then followed up with a poll in which he predictably annihilated Cornyn and Thune, taking a 96% share as of Friday night, with the other two below 2% each. 

Elon Musk was quick to back the idea of Paul as GOP leader, while daring Cornyn and Thune to follow Paul's lead by throwing their names out for consideration by the Twitter-verse X-verse. 

Paul has been a stalwart opponent of security-state mass surveillance, foreign interventionism -- to include shoveling billions of dollars into the proxy war in Ukraine -- and out-of-control spending in general. He demonstrated the latter passion on the Senate floor this week as he ridiculed the latest kick-the-can spending package:   

In February, Paul used Senate rules to force his colleagues into a grueling Super Bowl weekend of votes, as he worked to derail a $95 billion foreign aid bill. "I think we should stay here as long as it takes,” said Paul. “If it takes a week or a month, I’ll force them to stay here to discuss why they think the border of Ukraine is more important than the US border.”

Don't expect a Majority Leader Paul to ditch the filibuster -- he's been a hardy user of the legislative delay tactic. In 2013, he spoke for 13 hours to fight the nomination of John Brennan as CIA director. In 2015, he orated for 10-and-a-half-hours to oppose extension of the Patriot Act

Rand Paul amid his 10 1/2 hour filibuster in 2015

Among the general public, Paul is probably best known as Capitol Hill's chief tormentor of Dr. Anthony Fauci, who was director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease during the Covid-19 pandemic. Paul says the evidence indicates the virus emerged from China's Wuhan Institute of Virology. He's accused Fauci and other members of the US government public health apparatus of evading questions about their funding of the Chinese lab's "gain of function" research, which takes natural viruses and morphs them into something more dangerous. Paul has pointedly said that Fauci committed perjury in congressional hearings and that he belongs in jail "without question."   

Musk is neither the only nor the first noteworthy figure to back Paul for party leader. Just hours after McConnell announced his upcoming step-down from leadership, independent 2024 presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy, Jr voiced his support: 

In a testament to the extent to which the establishment recoils at the libertarian-minded Paul, mainstream media outlets -- which have been quick to report on other developments in the majority leader race -- pretended not to notice that Paul had signaled his interest in the job. More than 24 hours after Paul's test-the-waters tweet-fest began, not a single major outlet had brought it to the attention of their audience. 

That may be his strongest endorsement yet. 

Tyler Durden Sun, 03/10/2024 - 20:25

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The Great Replacement Loophole: Illegal Immigrants Score 5-Year Work Benefit While “Waiting” For Deporation, Asylum

The Great Replacement Loophole: Illegal Immigrants Score 5-Year Work Benefit While "Waiting" For Deporation, Asylum

Over the past several…

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The Great Replacement Loophole: Illegal Immigrants Score 5-Year Work Benefit While "Waiting" For Deporation, Asylum

Over the past several months we've pointed out that there has  been zero job creation for native-born workers since the summer of 2018...

... and that since Joe Biden was sworn into office, most of the post-pandemic job gains the administration continuously brags about have gone foreign-born (read immigrants, mostly illegal ones) workers.

And while the left might find this data almost as verboten as FBI crime statistics - as it directly supports the so-called "great replacement theory" we're not supposed to discuss - it also coincides with record numbers of illegal crossings into the United States under Biden.

In short, the Biden administration opened the floodgates, 10 million illegal immigrants poured into the country, and most of the post-pandemic "jobs recovery" went to foreign-born workers, of which illegal immigrants represent the largest chunk.

Asylum seekers from Venezuela await work permits on June 28, 2023 (via the Chicago Tribune)

'But Tyler, illegal immigrants can't possibly work in the United States whilst awaiting their asylum hearings,' one might hear from the peanut gallery. On the contrary: ever since Biden reversed a key aspect of Trump's labor policies, all illegal immigrants - even those awaiting deportation proceedings - have been given carte blanche to work while awaiting said proceedings for up to five years...

... something which even Elon Musk was shocked to learn.

Which leads us to another question: recall that the primary concern for the Biden admin for much of 2022 and 2023 was soaring prices, i.e., relentless inflation in general, and rising wages in particular, which in turn prompted even Goldman to admit two years ago that the diabolical wage-price spiral had been unleashed in the US (diabolical, because nothing absent a major economic shock, read recession or depression, can short-circuit it once it is in place).

Well, there is one other thing that can break the wage-price spiral loop: a flood of ultra-cheap illegal immigrant workers. But don't take our word for it: here is Fed Chair Jerome Powell himself during his February 60 Minutes interview:

PELLEY: Why was immigration important?

POWELL: Because, you know, immigrants come in, and they tend to work at a rate that is at or above that for non-immigrants. Immigrants who come to the country tend to be in the workforce at a slightly higher level than native Americans do. But that's largely because of the age difference. They tend to skew younger.

PELLEY: Why is immigration so important to the economy?

POWELL: Well, first of all, immigration policy is not the Fed's job. The immigration policy of the United States is really important and really much under discussion right now, and that's none of our business. We don't set immigration policy. We don't comment on it.

I will say, over time, though, the U.S. economy has benefited from immigration. And, frankly, just in the last, year a big part of the story of the labor market coming back into better balance is immigration returning to levels that were more typical of the pre-pandemic era.

PELLEY: The country needed the workers.

POWELL: It did. And so, that's what's been happening.

Translation: Immigrants work hard, and Americans are lazy. But much more importantly, since illegal immigrants will work for any pay, and since Biden's Department of Homeland Security, via its Citizenship and Immigration Services Agency, has made it so illegal immigrants can work in the US perfectly legally for up to 5 years (if not more), one can argue that the flood of illegals through the southern border has been the primary reason why inflation - or rather mostly wage inflation, that all too critical component of the wage-price spiral  - has moderated in in the past year, when the US labor market suddenly found itself flooded with millions of perfectly eligible workers, who just also happen to be illegal immigrants and thus have zero wage bargaining options.

None of this is to suggest that the relentless flood of immigrants into the US is not also driven by voting and census concerns - something Elon Musk has been pounding the table on in recent weeks, and has gone so far to call it "the biggest corruption of American democracy in the 21st century", but in retrospect, one can also argue that the only modest success the Biden admin has had in the past year - namely bringing inflation down from a torrid 9% annual rate to "only" 3% - has also been due to the millions of illegals he's imported into the country.

We would be remiss if we didn't also note that this so often carries catastrophic short-term consequences for the social fabric of the country (the Laken Riley fiasco being only the latest example), not to mention the far more dire long-term consequences for the future of the US - chief among them the trillions of dollars in debt the US will need to incur to pay for all those new illegal immigrants Democrat voters and low-paid workers. This is on top of the labor revolution that will kick in once AI leads to mass layoffs among high-paying, white-collar jobs, after which all those newly laid off native-born workers hoping to trade down to lower paying (if available) jobs will discover that hardened criminals from Honduras or Guatemala have already taken them, all thanks to Joe Biden.

Tyler Durden Sun, 03/10/2024 - 19:15

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