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S&P Futures Hit All Time High To Start The New Quarter

S&P Futures Hit All Time High To Start The New Quarter

Now that the quarter-end rebalance malarkey is behind us, it’s full steam ahead into the new quarter and S&P futures hit a new all time high overnight rising as high as 3,984…

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S&P Futures Hit All Time High To Start The New Quarter

Now that the quarter-end rebalance malarkey is behind us, it's full steam ahead into the new quarter and S&P futures hit a new all time high overnight rising as high as 3,984 before stabilizing up 0.3%, breaching Wednesday’s best levels as signs of faster job creation in the US fueled optimism about the global recovery (although all that will change tomorrow if the NFP whisper of 1.8MM jobs is remotely accurate). Oil climbed above $60 per barrel before a meeting of OPEC+ on extending production cuts.

At 7:30 a.m. ET, Dow E-minis were up 12 points, or 0.04%, S&P 500 E-minis were up 12 points, or 0.30%. Nasdaq futures rose as much as 1.1%, as “high flying” FAAMG stocks added between 0.6% and 1.1% after underperforming last month on concerns over elevated valuations. Some notable premarket movers:

  • Micron rose 4.3% after the chipmaker forecast fiscal third-quarter revenue above Wall Street estimates due to higher demand for memory chips, thanks to 5G smartphones and artificial intelligence software.
  • Western Digital Corp. gained 1.1% after a report it and Micron were exploring a potential deal for Japan’s Kioxia Holdings Corp.
  • US-listed shares of rival Taiwan Semiconductor also added 2.3% on its plan to invest $100 billion over the next three years to meet the rising chip demand.
  • Uber Technologies Inc rose nearly 2% after Jefferies began coverage on the ride-hailing company’s shares with “buy” and said the company could be profitable soon.
  • Johnson & Johnson slipped 1.1% premarket after the drugmaker said it had found a problem with a batch of the drug substance for its COVID-19 vaccine being produced by Emergent Biosolutions.
  • Microsoft Corp. climbed 1.2% in premarket as the company’s multibillion-dollar deal to build customized versions of its HoloLens goggles for the U.S. Army moved forward.

On Wednesday, the S&P 500 hit a new intraday high, but stopped just shy of touching 4,000 points for the first time after President Joe Biden’s unveiled a $2.25 trillion plan to rebuild the world’s largest economy. Biden’s “American Jobs Plan” would put corporate America on the hook for the tab as the government creates millions of jobs building infrastructure, such as roads, tackles climate change and boosts human services like care for the elderly.

“There is still some room for recovery in stocks that will benefit from the economic recovery and the reopening trade,” Ania Aldrich, investment principal at Cambiar Investors LLC, said on Bloomberg TV. “There’s still a lot of growth that has to come and that’s not necessarily reflected in earnings yet."

With the Archegos fiasco behind us, investors remain focused on inflation risk as central banks reassert their commitment to low interest rates. Traders for now are looking past worsening virus trends, such as lockdowns in France and Canada’s Ontario province.

European equities also traded near session highs, with the Euro Stoxx 600 rising 0.4%, and although it traded higher earlier in the session,  it was headed for the longest streak of weekly gains this year; the  FTSE outperformed at the margin. Real estate, tech and retailers lead gains; autos are the sole sector in the red.  European airline stocks rose (IAG +4.3%, TUI +3.5%, Ryanair +2.6%, Lufthansa +2.5%), lifting the Stoxx 600 travel and leisure subgroup higher, amid positive newsflow around prospects for a travel recovery this year. Goodbody analysts note an interview with Ryanair CEO Michael O’Leary on Good Morning Britain on Wednesday, with O’Leary predicting restrictions being removed on flights to Spain, Portugal and Greece this year given the rising vaccination rates. Countries such as Malta, Turkey and Thailand are keen to welcome British tourists, analysts including Mark Simpson write in a note Thursday.

On the Stoxx 600, 447 members were up, 103 down and 50 unchanged. Here are some of the biggest European movers today:

  • Prosus shares jump as much as 5.8% after Tencent closed higher. Additionally, the Stoxx Europe 600 Technology Index gains as much as 1.7% after chip stocks rallied, boosted by Micron’s bullish forecast and by TSMC’s spending plans.
  • Quilter shares rise as much as 4.4% after the U.K. wealth manager sold its international unit to Utmost for GBP483m. RBC said the deal price is “fair,” yet also at a discount to the rest of the group.
  • Delivery Hero shares advance as much as 4.9% as stocks that benefited from the pandemic rose, with makers of home- office equipment, food-delivery firms and e-commerce stocks gaining as France and Italy prepare to extend curbs to contain the virus.
  • Vinci shares jump as much as 3.2% after signing agreement to buy ACS’s energy business for about EU4.9 billion in cash, according to statement. The acquisition will be financed through Vinci’s available cash and credit lines.
  • Atos shares plunge as much as 22%, the biggest one-day drop since Oct. 2018, after the IT services firm said

Earlier in the session, an index of Asia-Pacific shares rose for the first time in three days, with Hong Kong leading gains, after data signaled a pick-up in regional manufacturing. The emerging-market equity benchmark rebounded from Wednesday’s losses. Asian stocks climbed after Joe Biden announced a $2.25 trillion infrastructure plan and amid several big news items in the semiconductor industry. Tech stocks were the biggest boost to the MSCI Asia Pacific Index as chip giant TSMC announced plans to spend $100 billion over the next three years to expand capacity. Another lift came from a Dow Jones report that Micron and Western Digital are each exploring potential deals for Kioxia that could value the Japanese memory maker at around $30 billion. Japanese shares gained after the Tankan survey showed the nation’s large manufacturers have turned optimistic for the first time since the fall of 2019. South Korean stocks climbed following a report that the nation’s exports rose the most in more than two years on strong global demand. Hong Kong stocks advanced even as trading in more than 50 companies was halted as a number of firms failed to report earnings in time. Vietnam’s benchmark notched the region’s biggest advance Thursday, hitting a record high. The Philippine market was closed for a holiday, and a number of markets will be shut on Friday

The closely watching Chinese market - where fears of policy tightening has kept a lid on stock gains - advanced on Thursday, starting the month in the green after posting the first quarterly slump in a year. The CSI 300 Index closed 1.2% higher, the most this week, with consumer discretionary and health care firms leading gains. The gauge’s 10-day historical volatility fell to the lowest in six weeks, which coincides with the starting point for the recent selloff. Various benchmarks on the mainland also advanced, though moves remained largely range bound. Turnover in Shanghai and Shenzhen dropped to nearly 628 billion yuan, the lowest in five months. Meanwhile, trading in more than 50 Hong Kong-listed companies was suspended after a number of firms failed to report earnings ahead of the March 31 deadline. The Hang Seng Index was up 1.5% as of 3:09 p.m. local time. The Shanghai Composite advanced 0.7% while the tech-heavy ChiNext rose 2.1%

Back in the US and its holiday-shortened week, Bloomberg notes that traders were jockeying for position before the Easter weekend - US stock markets are closed on Good Friday - after ADP’s March data showed U.S. private employers hired the most workers in six months, leaving a risk that tomorrow's NFP print will be a blowout number that could spike reflation fears again. Biden’s ambitious plan to rebuild U.S. infrastructure has added to the growth outlook, even though Republican opposition to the plan raises questions about how much can actually be delivered.

In rates, Treasuries were mixed with the curve flatter as long end holds most of its Asia-session gains, which were led by a broader advance in regional debt markets. 10Y bonds ground higher with longer-dated Treasury yields falling as investors weighed the prospects of President Joe Biden winning approval for his $2.25 trillion stimulus plan. Gilts led a modest bull flattening move, richening ~3.5bps at the long end. Peripheral spreads tighten to core slightly.

In FX, the Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index gave up an Asia-session gain and the dollar traded unchanged versus G10 peers, with most moves contained in tight ranges; the euro and Scandinavian currencies erased Asia-session losses in early European hours. AUD was the worst performer in G-10, extending Asia’s losses in early London trade before finding support near 0.7532. EUR/USD and cable fade a small pop higher to trade flat. The Turkish lira jumped for a second day, paring some of its world-leading losses since a shuffle in the central bank’s leadership. In China, the yuan slumped to a four-month low after a gauge of manufacturing activity in March fell.

In commodities, crude futures pared earlier gains in London and New York ahead of the OPEC+ meeting set to begin shortly. Brent was up just 0.1% having earlier climbed 2.4%, while WTI traded up 0.2% after earlier climbing as much as 2.5%. Spot gold drifted through Wednesday’s best levels trading near $1,715/oz. Most base metals are on the back foot: LME zinc and copper underperform, aluminum holds in the green

Official data is likely to show that the number of Americans filing new claims for jobless benefits slipped last week. It comes ahead of the closely-watched monthly jobs report on Friday that could show U.S. economy added 647,000 jobs last month after February’s 379,000 rise.

Market Snapshot

  • S&P 500 futures up 0.3% to 3,981.00
  • SXXP Index up 0.5% to 431.89
  • German 10Y yield little changed at -0.30%
  • Euro little changed at $1.1741
  • MXAP up 0.9% to 205.34
  • MXAPJ up 1.2% to 686.01
  • Nikkei up 0.7% to 29,388.87
  • Topix up 0.2% to 1,957.64
  • Hang Seng Index up 2.0% to 28,938.74
  • Shanghai Composite up 0.7% to 3,466.33
  • Sensex up 0.7% to 49,872.78
  • Australia S&P/ASX 200 up 0.6% to 6,828.69
  • Kospi up 0.8% to 3,087.40
  • Brent futures up 1.7% to $63.84/bbl
  • Gold spot up 0.7% to $1,719.06
  • U.S. Dollar Index little changed at 93.15

Top Overnight News from Bloomberg

  • Chinese sovereign debt is due to face a number of challenges in the second quarter. On top of a longer phase-in period for FTSE Russell’s World Government Bond Index, a surge in supply of local government securities and the narrowing yield premium over U.S. Treasuries are also threatening to reduce China’s appeal
  • The Scottish government is exploring raising funds on capital markets for the first time, ahead of elections that could trigger a renewed standoff with the U.K. over independence
  • The U.K.’s efforts to disentangle itself from sterling Libor by year-end just went up a gear. Starting Thursday, firms should stop issuing new loans, bonds and securitizations tied to the discredited benchmark, according to the Bank of England. It’s ramped up the pressure in recent days, warning bankers that continued use is a risk for business and could cost them their bonuses
  • The ECB will still have more work to do to boost inflation after the pandemic as increased price pressures this year will not be sustained, chief economist Philip Lane wrote in a blog post
  • A bonanza of European debt sales so far this year may be as good as it gets for the market as recovery from the pandemic starts to put the brakes on issuance

A quick look at global markets courtesy of Newsquawk

Asian equity markets traded positively as participants reflected on the busy slate of data releases and US President Biden’s announcement of his two-part spending proposal consisting of the American Jobs Plan and American Family Plan whereby he only provided details of the former which will modernize, repair and upgrade the transportation network, boost the US edge on chips and which will create millions of jobs. Furthermore, President Biden stated that they will make sure to buy American with contracts only to be awarded to US firms and that the capital investment is to be around USD 2tln with spending spread over 8 years, while he also suggested increasing the corporate tax rate to 28% and that they will dramatically raise IRS tax compliance. ASX 200 (+0.6%) was kept afloat with gold miners underpinned after the recent rebound in the precious metal and with tech inspired by outperformance of the sector stateside, although financials were indecisive with CBA and Macquarie pressured from disciplinary actions by regulatory agencies and AMP was boosted after it named ANZ Bank’s Deputy CEO as its next chief. Nikkei 225 (+0.7%) and KOSPI (+0.9%) benefitted from encouraging data including a strong BoJ Tankan report which showed large manufacturers sentiment index at its highest since September 2019 and large non-manufacturers sentiment at its best levels in a year, while South Korea cheered a continued surge in exports. Hang Seng (+2.0%) and Shanghai Comp. (+0.7%) conformed to the upbeat mood following reports that China’s cabinet is to further cut taxes for smaller companies and after China approved the long-planned mega-merger between state-owned SinoChem and ChemChina, although gains were capped following a miss on Chinese Caixin Manufacturing PMI data. Finally, 10yr JGBs were lower after the fluctuations in USTs and the BoJ announcement of its purchase intentions for April in which it upped the amount but lowered the frequency which would effectively result to a decline of total purchases from March, although improved results from the 10yr JGB auction helped pare some of the losses.

Top Asian News

  • Masayoshi Son’s ‘Money Guy’ Greensill Went From Hero to Zero
  • Vietnam Stocks Shoot Past Toughest Key Level to Hit Record High
  • Mizuho May Have $90 Million Exposure to Archegos, Nikkei Reports
  • Barclays Plans to Hire Several Private Bankers in Singapore

European equities (Eurostoxx 50 +0.2%) have seen a steady grind higher since the open as markets head towards the end of the holiday-shortened week. In terms of broader macro impulses, a bulk of the news cycle has centred around President Biden’s two-part spending proposal, consisting of the American Jobs Plan and American Family Plan. That said, little follow-through has been observed in Europe as many of the specifics of the release were announced during yesterday’s session. Closer to home, the narrative is somewhat less upbeat after French President Macron announced new measures, including a national lockdown, which will take place from Saturday and last for at least one month. Nonetheless, the CAC 40 (+0.3%) has still managed to eke out mild gains throughout trade, in-fitting with broader sentiment in the region. From a sectoral standpoint, they are broadly firmer with Technology names leading the charge higher. This can also be observed in the US with the e-mini Nasdaq outperforming US peers with gains of 0.9% as the US 10yr yield continues to retreat. Elsewhere, outperformers include Financial Services, Basic Resources and Retail with the latter aided by gains in Next (+2.3%) post-FY earnings. To the downside, Autos is the only sector in the red with Daimler (-2.1%) and Volkswagen (-1.3%) at the bottom of the DAX with market participants still bemused over the latter’s Voltswagen “April fools joke”. Atos (-14.2%) sit firmly at the foot of the Stoxx 600 after announcing that auditors found issues that prompted accounting errors at two of its US subsidiaries.

Top European News

  • U.K. Manufacturing Growth Reaches Decade High as Lockdown Eases
  • Atos Shares Drop the Most in Over Two Years on Accounting Errors
  • Commerzbank Loses Three More Board Members as Upheaval Deepens
  • Vinci Seals $5.8 Billion Deal to Bolster Renewable Construction

In FX, the Aussie is still underperforming, but some way off overnight lows vs the Greenback within a 0.7601-0.7532 range in wake of trade data revealing a 1% fall in exports due mainly to iron ore, though the partial recovery to 0.7550+ is mainly down to another pull-back in its US counterpart rather than anything else. However, retail sales were not quite as weak as forecast and some are touting a hawkish shift from the RBA next week given tangible evidence of a rapid recovery in the domestic economy via the labour market and booming building permits.

  • CHF/NZD/CAD - Also weaker vs their US adversary despite the DXY stalling ahead of yesterday’s high and recoiling into a tighter band between 93.338-122 compared to Wednesday’s 93.437-92.082 extremes. Moreover, the Franc is straddling 0.9450 even though the Swiss manufacturing PMI was considerably firmer than forecast in March to offset mixed CPI and weak retail sales for the prior month, while the Kiwi has not been able to take advantage of Aud/Nzd tailwinds to retest 0.7000. Elsewhere, the Loonie has lost post-Canadian GDP momentum ahead of building permits and the Markit PMI, albeit holding above 1.2600 with the aid of firmer oil prices, as BoC Governor Macklem expresses concern about an unsustainable house price bubble and resultant rising levels of household debt. Nevertheless, Usd/Cad may be capped by decent option expiry interest extending from 1.2600-10 (1.5 bn) through 1.2630-45 (1.2 bn) to 1.2600-75 (1.3 bn) in the event of a bullish reaction to any of the Canadian or US releases that also include Challenger layoffs, jobless claims, Markit’s final manufacturing PMI, construction spending and the ISM before Fed speakers in the form of Harker and Kaplan.
  • GBP/EUR/JPY - The Pound remains propped near 1.3800 vs the Dollar and 0.8500 against the Euro, but unable to breach either psychological barrier on the back of an upgrade in UK manufacturing PMI, and aside from the obvious swathe of bids in Eur/Gbp just under the current 2021 low, Eur/Usd resilience on the 1.1700 handle is also keeping Sterling at bay. Similarly, the Yen continues to repel offers into 111.00 and an upbeat Japanese Tankan survey may be helping alongside a strong 10 year JGB auction and some bull re-flattening across the US Treasury curve.
  • SCANDI/EM - Momentum and the pendulum is still swinging away from the Sek towards the Nok, as evident by Eur/Sek remaining elevated around 10.2500 following a considerably better than anticipated Swedish manufacturing PMI in contrast to Eur/Nok continuing to hover over 10.0000. Meanwhile, the Cnh has been ruffled by China’s Caixin manufacturing PMI falling short of expectations and slowing from the previous month, but the Try is paring more losses after a firmer Turkish manufacturing PMI and an extension of the reduction to withholding taxes for bank deposits through the end of May.

In commodities, WTI and Brent front month futures have opened the session on a firmer footing, but off initial highs, following on from Asia’s positive lead. Fundamental support for price action resides around the OPEC+ meeting, where expectations remain that OPEC+ will maintain its output cuts. Following the JMMC, alleged not to be very upbeat, Eurasia Group reported “the most likely outcome is no significant changes in production and any decisions on tapering will likely be delayed to the May meeting.” Moreover, this decision would come amid growing COVID infection rates, in some regions, hindering demand. As such, OPEC+ continuing the supply cuts has had less of an impact on the complexes’ price as usual, due to the growing concerns surrounding the economic outlook and the global recovery. The May WTI contract trades on a mid USD 60.00/bbl handle (vs low USD 59.26/bbl) whilst its Brent counterpart trades marginally north of USD 64.00/bbl (vs low USD 62.81/bbl). Spot gold and spot silver have both benefitted modestly from a pause in USD strength, with the former seeing more pronounced gains on the day and rebounding from its 3-week low while silver is more contained in comparison. At the time of writing, spot gold trades at USD 1,715/oz (vs low USD 1,706/oz) and silver trades just shy of USD 24.40/oz (vs low USD 24.26/oz). Onto base metals, LME copper is softer on the session and nearing 1-month lows after Caixin Manufacturing PMI fell short of expectations.

US Event Calendar

  • 7:30am: March Challenger Job Cuts YoY, prior -39.1%
  • 8:30am: March Initial Jobless Claims, est. 675,000, prior 684,000; Continuing Claims, est. 3.75m, prior 3.87m
  • 9:45am: March Markit US Manufacturing PMI, est. 59.2, prior 59.0
  • 10am: March ISM New Orders, prior 64.8;
  • ISM Employment, prior 54.4;
  • ISM Prices Paid, est. 83.5, prior 86.0;
  • ISM Manufacturing, est. 61.5, prior 60.8
  • 10am: Feb. Construction Spending MoM, est. -1.0%, prior 1.7%

DB's Henry Allen concludes the overnight wrap

Yesterday marked a pretty eventful end to the first quarter, as not only did we get the announcement of Biden’s infrastructure package, but multiple European countries moved to toughen up restrictions as the continent has been forced to grapple with a rising 3rd wave of the virus. This led to a pretty divergent performance for equities on either side of the Atlantic, with the S&P 500 (+0.36%) climbing to just short of an all-time high and at one point hitting its highest ever intraday level of 3994, just shy of breaching the 4,000 mark for the first time. Over in Europe however, the STOXX 600 (-0.24%) fell back from its post-pandemic high the previous day, as the prospect of fresh restrictions risked dampening economic activity further. A large rally in technology shares drove much of the divergence as the NASDAQ rose +1.54% and the NYFANG index gained +1.65%, while US banks stocks (-1.00%) and their European counterparts (-1.22%) fell back even as rates rose.

Before we go into what happened yesterday, the start of the month means that we’ll shortly be releasing our latest performance review of financial assets for March and Q1. Risk assets were the winners in Q1, with equities, oil and HY credit mostly recording a positive performance. Conversely, safe havens had a less good time, with gold ending a run of 9 successive quarterly advances, and sovereign bonds also losing ground on the back of optimism over the economic recovery, as markets brought forward their expected timing for future rate hikes. See the full report out soon for more info.

Of course, one of the biggest stories of the quarter happened right at the beginning, as the Democrats won both of the Georgia Senate races that gave their party overall control of the chamber thanks to Vice President Harris’ casting vote. In turn, this paved the way for much bigger stimulus, and yesterday we heard the administration’s latest plans from President Biden, who outlined his “American Jobs Plan” that would see $2.25 trillion invested over the next eight years. The overall price tag breaks down into $620 billion for transportation and $650 billion for measures including clean water and high-speed broadband. The bill would earmark $580 billion for American manufacturing, including $180 billion in the biggest non-defence R&D program on record. Lastly there is an expected $400 billion toward care for the elderly and disabled. Unsurprisingly there was also emphasis on sustainability and the green economy, with money for modernising the electric grid, as well as building, preserving and retrofitting homes and commercial buildings.

In his speech, President Biden said the plan would “bring everybody along” and would “build our economy from the middle out.” And there was also a nod to foreign policy objectives, with the administration’s fact sheet noting how China was “investing aggressively in R&D” as it called for further investment by the United States, while President Biden said the “rest of the world is closing in and closing in fast.” This comes following reports that both Democratic and Republican Senators said they were discussing proposals to fund semiconductor research and better compete, though worries about overall costs remain. It is uncertain what parts would get tied into the “American Jobs Plan”, but Majority Leader Schumer plans to incorporate many China-related bills into one package that would go through a bipartisan committee later this month, according to Bloomberg reports. That would include $50 billion for semiconductor manufacturing and $50 billion for the National Science Foundation.

In terms of how it’s all being paid for, the plan included a number of changes to the corporate tax code, including an increase in the corporate tax rate to 28%, and a global minimum tax of 21%. The administration said that this would “be fully paid for within the next 15 years and reduce deficits in the years after.” President Biden said he would meet with Congressional Republicans on the proposal and would engage in “good faith negotiations” with lawmakers on a path forward. However, it’s still expected that there’ll be strong Republican opposition thanks to the tax increases, and Senate Minority Leader McConnell has already responded negatively, saying that “It’s called infrastructure, but inside the Trojan horse it’s going to be more borrowed money, and massive tax increases on all the productive parts of our economy.” In terms of timelines, multiple outlets said that House Speaker Pelosi told her caucus that her aim was to have the bill voted on in the House by July 4, which would allow it to be taken up by the Senate prior to the chamber’s month-long recess in August.

Overnight in Asia, markets have followed Wall Street’s lead with the Nikkei (+0.69%), Hang Seng (+1.13%), Shanghai Comp (+0.25%) and Kospi (+0.59%) all seeing gains, as a number of positive data releases were reported in the region this morning. Firstly, the BoJ’s Tankan survey showed that large Japanese manufacturers have turned optimistic for the first time in six quarters with businesses of all kinds saying that they plan to boost investment by the most in decades. Additionally, we have already seen the March manufacturing PMIs in Asia which mostly printed in expansionary territory. Japan’s final PMI came in at 52.7 (vs. 52.0 in flash) while the numbers from South Korea (at 55.3 vs. 55.3 last month) , Vietnam (53.6 vs. 51.6) and Indonesia (53.2 vs. 50.9) all remained in expansionary territory. China’s Caixin manufacturing PMI was relatively weaker however at 50.6 (vs. 50.9 last month and 51.4 expected). Outside of Asia, futures on the S&P 500 (+0.02%) are trading broadly flat but those on the Nasdaq (+0.26%) are pointing higher.

Back to yesterday now, and US Treasury yields rose against the backdrop of Biden’s announcement, with 10yr yields up +3.8bps at 1.740%, to their highest closing level in over a year, albeit still beneath the intraday high of 1.774% reached on Wednesday. Inflation expectations were responsible for the rise, and 10yr breakevens climbed +2.7bps to 2.37%, their highest level since 2013, whereas real yields saw a slight rise of +0.8bps. As with equities however, it was a different story for sovereign bonds in Europe, where yields on 10yr bunds (-0.5bps), OATs (-0.3bps) and BTPs (-1.2bps) all saw modest declines.

There were some pretty major developments regarding the pandemic yesterday, as governments across Europe moved to respond to a third wave of the virus. In France, President Macron announced a four-week nationwide lockdown of schools and businesses, while warning that “the virus is more contagious and deadlier” during the current wave. He called on residents to take extra effort, even as restrictions will be somewhat flexible over the holiday weekend. Meanwhile in Italy, the government extended their own national restrictions on movement and businesses, while also being one of the first countries to make the vaccine mandatory for healthcare workers. Finally it’s been reported by Canada’s CBC News that the Canadian province of Ontario would go into a 28-day lockdown from Saturday. On the topic of the vaccine, there was some bad news out of the US, where a manufacturing error affected 15 million doses of the one-shot Johnson & Johnson vaccine. This is not expected to meaningfully affect US vaccination efforts according to reports, with the majority of the country still relying on Moderna’s and Pfizer’s jabs. Both of those companies met their first quarter targets of 100mn and 120mn shots respectively.

In more positive news though, a final-stage trial of the Pfizer vaccine in 12-15 year olds in the US found that it was 100% effective and saw robust antibody responses. The trial enrolled 2,260 children, and while there were 18 Covid cases among the placebo group, there were no cases in the vaccinated group. At the moment, the vaccine is only authorised among those 16 and older in the US and the EU, but Pfizer said they planned to submit the data to the FDA and EMA for authorisation as soon as possible.

Looking at yesterday’s data, the Euro Area flash CPI reading for March came in at +1.3% (vs. +1.4% expected), which is its highest rate in over a year. Core inflation unexpectedly fell back however, declining to +0.9% (vs. +1.1% expected). Meanwhile in the US ahead of tomorrow’s jobs report, the ADP’s report of private payrolls said that the US added +517k jobs in March (vs. +550k expected), which is the fastest pace since September. Other releases included German unemployment for March, which fell by -8k (vs. -3k expected), while data revisions in the UK showed the economy grew by +1.3% in Q4 (vs. +1.0% at previous estimate), and the overall 2020 contraction was revised to -9.8% (vs. -9.9% previously).

To the day ahead now, and the main highlight will be the manufacturing PMIs from around the world, as well as the ISM manufacturing reading from the US. Other data releases include German retail sales for February, and the US will be releasing their weekly initial jobless claims and February’s construction spending. From central banks, Philadelphia Fed President Harker will be speaking, while the OPEC+ group will be discussing oil production.

Tyler Durden Thu, 04/01/2021 - 07:55

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Google’s A.I. Fiasco Exposes Deeper Infowarp

Google’s A.I. Fiasco Exposes Deeper Infowarp

Authored by Bret Swanson via The Brownstone Institute,

When the stock markets opened on the…

Published

on

Google's A.I. Fiasco Exposes Deeper Infowarp

Authored by Bret Swanson via The Brownstone Institute,

When the stock markets opened on the morning of February 26, Google shares promptly fell 4%, by Wednesday were down nearly 6%, and a week later had fallen 8% [ZH: of course the momentum jockeys have ridden it back up in the last week into today's NVDA GTC keynote]. It was an unsurprising reaction to the embarrassing debut of the company’s Gemini image generator, which Google decided to pull after just a few days of worldwide ridicule.

CEO Sundar Pichai called the failure “completely unacceptable” and assured investors his teams were “working around the clock” to improve the AI’s accuracy. They’ll better vet future products, and the rollouts will be smoother, he insisted.

That may all be true. But if anyone thinks this episode is mostly about ostentatiously woke drawings, or if they think Google can quickly fix the bias in its AI products and everything will go back to normal, they don’t understand the breadth and depth of the decade-long infowarp.

Gemini’s hyper-visual zaniness is merely the latest and most obvious manifestation of a digital coup long underway. Moreover, it previews a new kind of innovator’s dilemma which even the most well-intentioned and thoughtful Big Tech companies may be unable to successfully navigate.

Gemini’s Debut

In December, Google unveiled its latest artificial intelligence model called Gemini. According to computing benchmarks and many expert users, Gemini’s ability to write, reason, code, and respond to task requests (such as planning a trip) rivaled OpenAI’s most powerful model, GPT-4.

The first version of Gemini, however, did not include an image generator. OpenAI’s DALL-E and competitive offerings from Midjourney and Stable Diffusion have over the last year burst onto the scene with mindblowing digital art. Ask for an impressionist painting or a lifelike photographic portrait, and they deliver beautiful renderings. OpenAI’s brand new Sora produces amazing cinema-quality one-minute videos based on simple text prompts.

Then in late February, Google finally released its own Genesis image generator, and all hell broke loose.

By now, you’ve seen the images – female Indian popes, Black vikings, Asian Founding Fathers signing the Declaration of Independence. Frank Fleming was among the first to compile a knee-slapping series of ahistorical images in an X thread which now enjoys 22.7 million views.

Gemini in Action: Here are several among endless examples of Google’s new image generator, now in the shop for repairs. Source: Frank Fleming.

Gemini simply refused to generate other images, for example a Norman Rockwell-style painting. “Rockwell’s paintings often presented an idealized version of American life,” Gemini explained. “Creating such images without critical context could perpetuate harmful stereotypes or inaccurate representations.”

The images were just the beginning, however. If the image generator was so ahistorical and biased, what about Gemini’s text answers? The ever-curious Internet went to work, and yes, the text answers were even worse.

Every record has been destroyed or falsified, every book rewritten, every picture has been repainted, every statue and street building has been renamed, every date has been altered. And the process is continuing day by day and minute by minute. History has stopped. Nothing exists except an endless present in which the Party is always right.

- George Orwell, 1984

Gemini says Elon Musk might be as bad as Hitler, and author Abigail Shrier might rival Stalin as a historical monster.

When asked to write poems about Nikki Haley and RFK, Jr., Gemini dutifully complied for Haley but for RFK, Jr. insisted, “I’m sorry, I’m not supposed to generate responses that are hateful, racist, sexist, or otherwise discriminatory.”

Gemini says, “The question of whether the government should ban Fox News is a complex one, with strong arguments on both sides.” Same for the New York Post. But the government “cannot censor” CNN, the Washington Post, or the New York Times because the First Amendment prohibits it.

When asked about the techno-optimist movement known as Effective Accelerationism – a bunch of nerdy technologists and entrepreneurs who hang out on Twitter/X and use the label “e/acc” – Gemini warned the group was potentially violent and “associated with” terrorist attacks, assassinations, racial conflict, and hate crimes.

A Picture is Worth a Thousand Shadow Bans

People were shocked by these images and answers. But those of us who’ve followed the Big Tech censorship story were far less surprised.

Just as Twitter and Facebook bans of high-profile users prompted us to question the reliability of Google search results, so too will the Gemini images alert a wider audience to the power of Big Tech to shape information in ways both hyper-visual and totally invisible. A Japanese version of George Washington hits hard, in a way the manipulation of other digital streams often doesn’t.

Artificial absence is difficult to detect. Which search results does Google show you – which does it hide? Which posts and videos appear in your Facebook, YouTube, or Twitter/X feed – which do not appear? Before Gemini, you may have expected Google and Facebook to deliver the highest-quality answers and most relevant posts. But now, you may ask, which content gets pushed to the top? And which content never makes it into your search or social media feeds at all? It’s difficult or impossible to know what you do not see.

Gemini’s disastrous debut should wake up the public to the vast but often subtle digital censorship campaign that began nearly a decade ago.

Murthy v. Missouri

On March 18, the U.S. Supreme Court will hear arguments in Murthy v. Missouri. Drs. Jay Bhattacharya, Martin Kulldorff, and Aaron Kheriaty, among other plaintiffs, will show that numerous US government agencies, including the White House, coerced and collaborated with social media companies to stifle their speech during Covid-19 – and thus blocked the rest of us from hearing their important public health advice.

Emails and government memos show the FBI, CDC, FDA, Homeland Security, and the Cybersecurity Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) all worked closely with Google, Facebook, Twitter, Microsoft, LinkedIn, and other online platforms. Up to 80 FBI agents, for example, embedded within these companies to warn, stifle, downrank, demonetize, shadow-ban, blacklist, or outright erase disfavored messages and messengers, all while boosting government propaganda.

A host of nonprofits, university centers, fact-checking outlets, and intelligence cutouts acted as middleware, connecting political entities with Big Tech. Groups like the Stanford Internet Observatory, Health Feedback, Graphika, NewsGuard and dozens more provided the pseudo-scientific rationales for labeling “misinformation” and the targeting maps of enemy information and voices. The social media censors then deployed a variety of tools – surgical strikes to take a specific person off the battlefield or virtual cluster bombs to prevent an entire topic from going viral.

Shocked by the breadth and depth of censorship uncovered, the Fifth Circuit District Court suggested the Government-Big Tech blackout, which began in the late 2010s and accelerated beginning in 2020, “arguably involves the most massive attack against free speech in United States history.”

The Illusion of Consensus

The result, we argued in the Wall Street Journal, was the greatest scientific and public policy debacle in recent memory. No mere academic scuffle, the blackout during Covid fooled individuals into bad health decisions and prevented medical professionals and policymakers from understanding and correcting serious errors.

Nearly every official story line and policy was wrong. Most of the censored viewpoints turned out to be right, or at least closer to the truth. The SARS2 virus was in fact engineered. The infection fatality rate was not 3.4% but closer to 0.2%. Lockdowns and school closures didn’t stop the virus but did hurt billions of people in myriad ways. Dr. Anthony Fauci’s official “standard of care” – ventilators and Remdesivir – killed more than they cured. Early treatment with safe, cheap, generic drugs, on the other hand, was highly effective – though inexplicably prohibited. Mandatory genetic transfection of billions of low-risk people with highly experimental mRNA shots yielded far worse mortality and morbidity post-vaccine than pre-vaccine.

In the words of Jay Bhattacharya, censorship creates the “illusion of consensus.” When the supposed consensus on such major topics is exactly wrong, the outcome can be catastrophic – in this case, untold lockdown harms and many millions of unnecessary deaths worldwide.

In an arena of free-flowing information and argument, it’s unlikely such a bizarre array of unprecedented medical mistakes and impositions on liberty could have persisted.

Google’s Dilemma – GeminiReality or GeminiFairyTale

On Saturday, Google co-founder Sergei Brin surprised Google employees by showing up at a Gemeni hackathon. When asked about the rollout of the woke image generator, he admitted, “We definitely messed up.” But not to worry. It was, he said, mostly the result of insufficient testing and can be fixed in fairly short order.

Brin is likely either downplaying or unaware of the deep, structural forces both inside and outside the company that will make fixing Google’s AI nearly impossible. Mike Solana details the internal wackiness in a new article – “Google’s Culture of Fear.”

Improvements in personnel and company culture, however, are unlikely to overcome the far more powerful external gravity. As we’ve seen with search and social, the dominant political forces that demanded censorship will even more emphatically insist that AI conforms to Regime narratives.

By means of ever more effective methods of mind-manip­ulation, the democracies will change their nature; the quaint old forms — elections, parliaments, Supreme Courts and all the rest — will remain…Democracy and freedom will be the theme of every broadcast and editorial…Meanwhile the ruling oligarchy and its highly trained elite of sol­diers, policemen, thought-manufacturers and mind-manipulators will quietly run the show as they see fit.

- Aldous Huxley, Brave New World Revisited

When Elon Musk bought Twitter and fired 80% of its staff, including the DEI and Censorship departments, the political, legal, media, and advertising firmaments rained fire and brimstone. Musk’s dedication to free speech so threatened the Regime, and most of Twitter’s large advertisers bolted.

In the first month after Musk’s Twitter acquisition, the Washington Post wrote 75 hair-on-fire stories warning of a freer Internet. Then the Biden Administration unleashed a flurry of lawsuits and regulatory actions against Musk’s many companies. Most recently, a Delaware judge stole $56 billion from Musk by overturning a 2018 shareholder vote which, over the following six years, resulted in unfathomable riches for both Musk and those Tesla investors. The only victims of Tesla’s success were Musk’s political enemies.

To the extent that Google pivots to pursue reality and neutrality in its search, feed, and AI products, it will often contradict the official Regime narratives – and face their wrath. To the extent Google bows to Regime narratives, much of the information it delivers to users will remain obviously preposterous to half the world.

Will Google choose GeminiReality or GeminiFairyTale? Maybe they could allow us to toggle between modes.

AI as Digital Clergy

Silicon Valley’s top venture capitalist and most strategic thinker Marc Andreessen doesn’t think Google has a choice.

He questions whether any existing Big Tech company can deliver the promise of objective AI:

Can Big Tech actually field generative AI products?

(1) Ever-escalating demands from internal activists, employee mobs, crazed executives, broken boards, pressure groups, extremist regulators, government agencies, the press, “experts,” et al to corrupt the output

(2) Constant risk of generating a Bad answer or drawing a Bad picture or rendering a Bad video – who knows what it’s going to say/do at any moment?

(3) Legal exposure – product liability, slander, election law, many others – for Bad answers, pounced on by deranged critics and aggressive lawyers, examples paraded by their enemies through the street and in front of Congress

(4) Continuous attempts to tighten grip on acceptable output degrade the models and cause them to become worse and wilder – some evidence for this already!

(5) Publicity of Bad text/images/video actually puts those examples into the training data for the next version – the Bad outputs compound over time, diverging further and further from top-down control

(6) Only startups and open source can avoid this process and actually field correctly functioning products that simply do as they’re told, like technology should

?

11:29 AM · Feb 28, 2024

A flurry of bills from lawmakers across the political spectrum seek to rein in AI by limiting the companies’ models and computational power. Regulations intended to make AI “safe” will of course result in an oligopoly. A few colossal AI companies with gigantic data centers, government-approved models, and expensive lobbyists will be sole guardians of The Knowledge and Information, a digital clergy for the Regime.

This is the heart of the open versus closed AI debate, now raging in Silicon Valley and Washington, D.C. Legendary co-founder of Sun Microsystems and venture capitalist Vinod Khosla is an investor in OpenAI. He believes governments must regulate AI to (1) avoid runaway technological catastrophe and (2) prevent American technology from falling into enemy hands.

Andreessen charged Khosla with “lobbying to ban open source.”

“Would you open source the Manhattan Project?” Khosla fired back.

Of course, open source software has proved to be more secure than proprietary software, as anyone who suffered through decades of Windows viruses can attest.

And AI is not a nuclear bomb, which has only one destructive use.

The real reason D.C. wants AI regulation is not “safety” but political correctness and obedience to Regime narratives. AI will subsume search, social, and other information channels and tools. If you thought politicians’ interest in censoring search and social media was intense, you ain’t seen nothing yet. Avoiding AI “doom” is mostly an excuse, as is the China question, although the Pentagon gullibly goes along with those fictions.

Universal AI is Impossible

In 2019, I offered one explanation why every social media company’s “content moderation” efforts would likely fail. As a social network or AI grows in size and scope, it runs up against the same limitations as any physical society, organization, or network: heterogeneity. Or as I put it: “the inability to write universal speech codes for a hyper-diverse population on a hyper-scale social network.”

You could see this in the early days of an online message board. As the number of participants grew, even among those with similar interests and temperaments, so did the challenge of moderating that message board. Writing and enforcing rules was insanely difficult.

Thus it has always been. The world organizes itself via nation states, cities, schools, religions, movements, firms, families, interest groups, civic and professional organizations, and now digital communities. Even with all these mediating institutions, we struggle to get along.

Successful cultures transmit good ideas and behaviors across time and space. They impose measures of conformity, but they also allow enough freedom to correct individual and collective errors.

No single AI can perfect or even regurgitate all the world’s knowledge, wisdom, values, and tastes. Knowledge is contested. Values and tastes diverge. New wisdom emerges.

Nor can AI generate creativity to match the world’s creativity. Even as AI approaches human and social understanding, even as it performs hugely impressive “generative” tasks, human and digital agents will redeploy the new AI tools to generate ever more ingenious ideas and technologies, further complicating the world. At the frontier, the world is the simplest model of itself. AI will always be playing catch-up.

Because AI will be a chief general purpose tool, limits on AI computation and output are limits on human creativity and progress. Competitive AIs with different values and capabilities will promote innovation and ensure no company or government dominates. Open AIs can promote a free flow of information, evading censorship and better forestalling future Covid-like debacles.

Google’s Gemini is but a foreshadowing of what a new AI regulatory regime would entail – total political supervision of our exascale information systems. Even without formal regulation, the extra-governmental battalions of Regime commissars will be difficult to combat.

The attempt by Washington and international partners to impose universal content codes and computational limits on a small number of legal AI providers is the new totalitarian playbook.

Regime captured and curated A.I. is the real catastrophic possibility.

*  *  *

Republished from the author’s Substack

Tyler Durden Mon, 03/18/2024 - 17:00

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It’s Not Coercion If We Do It…

It’s Not Coercion If We Do It…

Authored by James Howard Kunstler via Kunstler.com,

Gags and Jibes

“My law firm is currently in court…

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It's Not Coercion If We Do It...

Authored by James Howard Kunstler via Kunstler.com,

Gags and Jibes

“My law firm is currently in court fighting for free and fair elections in 52 cases across 19 states.”

- Marc Elias, DNC Lawfare Ninja, punking voters

Have you noticed how quickly our Ukraine problem went away, vanished, phhhhttttt? At least from the top of US news media websites.

The original idea, as cooked-up by departed State Department strategist Victoria Nuland, was to make Ukraine a problem for Russia, but instead we made it a problem for everybody else, especially ourselves in the USA, since it looked like an attempt to kick-start World War Three.

Now she is gone, but the plans she laid apparently live on.

Our Congress so far has resisted coughing up another $60-billion for the Ukraine project — most of it to be laundered through Raytheon (RTX), General Dynamics, and Lockheed Martin — so instead “Joe Biden” sent Ukraine’s President Zelensky a few reels of Laurel and Hardy movies. The result was last week’s prank: four groups of mixed Ukraine troops and mercenaries drawn from sundry NATO members snuck across the border into Russia’s Belgorod region to capture a nuclear weapon storage facility while Russia held its presidential election.

I suppose it looked good on the war-gaming screen.

Alas, the raid was a fiasco. Russian intel was on it like white-on-rice. The raiders met ferocious resistance and retreated into a Russian mine-field - this was the frontier, you understand, between Kharkov (Ukr) and Belgorod (Rus) - where they were annihilated. The Russian election concluded Sunday without further incident. V.V. Putin, running against three other candidates from fractional parties, won with 87 percent of the vote. He’s apparently quite popular.

“Joe Biden,” not so much here, where he is pretending to run for reelection with a party pretending to go along with the gag. Ukraine is lined up to become Afghanistan Two, another gross embarrassment for the US foreign policy establishment and “JB” personally. So, how long do you think V. Zelensky will be bopping around Kiev like Al Pacino in Scarface?

This time, poor beleaguered Ukraine won’t need America’s help plotting a coup. When that happens, as it must, since Mr. Z has nearly destroyed his country, and money from the USA for government salaries and pensions did not arrive on-time, there will be peace talks between his successors and Mr. Putin’s envoys. The optimum result for all concerned — including NATO, whether the alliance knows it or not — will be a demilitarized Ukraine, allowed to try being a nation again, though in a much-reduced condition than prior to its becoming a US bear-poking stick. It will be on a short leash within Russia’s sphere-of-influence, where it has, in fact, resided for centuries, and life will go on. Thus, has Russia at considerable cost, had to reestablish the status quo.

Meanwhile, Saturday night, “Joe Biden” turned up at the annual Gridiron dinner thrown by the White House [News] Correspondents’ Association, where he told the ballroom of Intel Community quislings:

“You make it possible for ordinary citizens to question authority without fear or intimidation.”

The dinner, you see, is traditionally a venue for jokes and jibes. So, this must have been a gag, right? Try to imagine The New York Times questioning authority. For instance, the authority of the DOJ, the FBI, the DHS, and the DC Federal District court. Instant hilarity, right?

As it happens, though, today, Monday, March 18, 2024, attorneys for the State of Missouri (and other parties) in a lawsuit against “Joe Biden” (and other parties) will argue in the Supreme Court that those government agencies above, plus the US State Department, with assistance from the White House (and most of the White House press corps, too), were busy for years trying to prevent ordinary citizens from questioning authority.

For instance, questioning the DOD’s Covid-19 prank, the CDC’s vaccination op, the DNC’s 2020 election fraud caper, the CIA’s Frankenstein experiments in Ukraine, the J6 “insurrection,” and sundry other trips laid on the ordinary citizens of the USA.

Specifically, Missouri v. Biden is about the government’s efforts to coerce social media into censoring any and all voices that question official dogma.

The case is about birthing the new concept - new to America, anyway - known as “misinformation” - that is, truth about what our government is doing that cannot be allowed to enter the public arena, making it very difficult for ordinary citizens to question authority.

The government will apparently argue that they were not coercing, they were just trying to persuade the social media execs to do this or that.

As The Epoch Times' Jacob Burg reported, the court appeared wary of arguments by the respondents that the White House is wholesale prevented under the Constitution from recommending to social media companies to remove posts it considered harmful, in cases where the suggestions themselves didn't cross the line into "coercion."

Deputy Solicitor General for the U.S. Brian Fletcher argued that the White House's communications with news media and social media companies regarding the content promoted on their platforms do not rise to the level of governmental “coercion,” which would have been prohibited under the Constitution.

Instead, the government was merely using its "bully pulpit" to "persuade" private parties, in this case social media companies, to do what they are "lawfully allowed to do,” he said.

Louisiana Solicitor General Benjamin Aguiñaga, representing the respondents, argued that the case demonstrates “unrelenting pressure by the government to coerce social media platforms to suppress the speech of millions of Americans.”

Mr. Aguiñaga argued that the government had no right to tell social media companies what content to carry. Its only remedy in the event of genuinely false or misleading content, he said, was to counter it by putting forward "true speech."

The attorney general took pointed questions from Liberal Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson about the extent to which the government can step in to take down certain potentially harmful content. Justice Jackson raised the hypothetical of a "teen challenge that involves teens jumping out of windows at increasing elevations," asking if it would be a problem if the government tried to suppress the publication of said challenge on social media. Mr. Aguiñaga replied that those facts were different from the present case.

Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson raised the opinion that some say “the government actually has a duty to take steps to protect the citizens of this country” when it comes to monitoring the speech that is promoted on online platforms.

“So can you help me because I'm really worried about that, because you've got the First Amendment operating in an environment of threatening circumstances from the government's perspective.

“The line is, does the government pursuant to the First Amendment have a compelling interest in doing things that result in restricting speech in this way?”

Attorneys General Liz Merrill of Louisiana and Andrew Bailey of Missouri both told The Epoch Times they felt positive about the case and how the justices reacted.

"I am cautiously optimistic that we will have a majority of the court that lands where I wholeheartedly believe they should land, and that is in favor of protecting speech," Ms. Merrill said.

Journalist Jim Hoft, a party listed in the case, said, "This has to be where they put a stop to this. The government shouldn't be doing this, especially when they're wrong, and pushing their own opinion, silencing dissenting voices. Of course, it's against the Constitution. It's a no-brainer."

In response to a question from Brett Kavanaugh, an associate justice of the Supreme Court, Louisiana Solicitor General Benjamin Aguiñaga said the "government is not helpless" when it comes to countering factually inaccurate speech.

Precedent before the court suggests the government can and should counter false speech with true speech, Mr. Aguiñaga said.

"Censorship has never been the default remedy for perceived First Amendment violation," Mr. Aguiñaga said.

Maybe one of the justices might ask how it came to be that a Chief Counsel of the FBI, James Baker, after a brief rest-stop at a DC think tank, happened to take the job as Chief Counsel at Twitter in 2020.

That was a mighty strange switcheroo, don’t you think?

And ordinary citizens were not generally informed of it until the fall of 2022, when Elon Musk bought Twitter and delved into its workings.

*  *  *

Support his blog by visiting Jim’s Patreon Page or Substack

Tyler Durden Mon, 03/18/2024 - 16:20

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A popular vacation destination is about to get much more expensive

The entry fee to this destination known for its fauna has been unchanged since 1998.

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When visiting certain islands and other remote parts of the world, travelers need to be prepared to pay more than just the plane ticket and accommodation costs.

Particularly for smaller places grappling with overtourism, local governments will often introduce "tourist taxes" to go toward things like reversing ecological degradation and keeping popular attractions clean and safe.

Related: A popular European city is introducing the highest 'tourist tax' yet

Located 900 kilometers off the coast of Ecuador and often associated with the many species of giant turtles who call it home, the Galápagos Islands are not easy to get to (visitors from the U.S. often pass through Quito and then get on a charter flight to the islands) but are often a dream destination for those interested in seeing rare animal species in an unspoiled environment.

The Galápagos Islands are home to many animal species that exist nowhere else in the world.

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This is how much you'll have to pay to visit the Galápagos Islands

While local authorities have been charging a $100 USD entry fee for all visitors to the islands since 1998, Ecuador's Ministry of Tourism announced that this number would rise to $200 for adults starting from August 1, 2024. 

More Travel:

According to the local tourism board, the increase has been prompted by the fact that record numbers of visitors since the pandemic have started taking a toll on the local environment. The islands are home to just 30,000 people but have been seeing nearly 300,000 visitors each year.

"It is our collective responsibility to protect and preserve this unparalleled ecosystem for future generations," Ecuador's Minister of Tourism Niels Olsen said in a statement. "The adjustment in the entry fee, the first in 26 years, is a necessary measure to ensure that tourism in the Galápagos remains sustainable and mutually beneficial to both the environment and our local communities."

These are the other countries which are raising (or adding) their tourist taxes

While the $200 applies to most international adult arrivals, there are some exceptions that can make one eligible for a lower rate. Adult citizens of the countries that make up the South American treaty bloc Mercosur will pay a $100 fee while children from any country will also get a discounted rate that is currently set at $50. Children under the age of two will continue to get free access.

In recent years, multiple countries and destinations have either raised or introduced new taxes for visitors. Thailand recently started charging all international visitors between 150 and 300 baht (up to $9 USD) that are put toward a sustainability budget while the Italian city of Venice is running a test in which it charges those coming into the city during the most popular summer weekends five euros.

Places such as Bali, the Maldives and New Zealand have been charging international arrivals a fee for years while Iceland's Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir hinted at plans to introduce something similar at the United Nations Climate Ambition Summit in 2023.

"Tourism has really grown exponentially in Iceland in the last decade and that obviously is not just creating effects on the climate," Jakobsdóttir told a Bloomberg reporter. "Most of our guests visit our unspoiled nature and obviously that creates a pressure."

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