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Six long COVID subtypes identified at The Jackson Laboratory
Six long COVID subtypes identified at The Jackson Laboratory
PR Newswire
FARMINGTON, Conn., Jan. 27, 2023
FARMINGTON, Conn., Jan. 27, 2023 /PRNewswire/ — Over the past three years, it has become clear that, for many people, the effects of SARS-CoV…
Six long COVID subtypes identified at The Jackson Laboratory
PR Newswire
FARMINGTON, Conn., Jan. 27, 2023
FARMINGTON, Conn., Jan. 27, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Over the past three years, it has become clear that, for many people, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection persist long after an initial case of COVID-19 wanes.
Like primary COVID-19, the affliction, known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or long COVID, has highly variable duration, symptoms and severity. And as data accumulates, it appears that long COVID is a serious public health problem that will not go away any time soon.
There is still no widely accepted case definition for long COVID, but it generally refers to a range of persistent or new symptoms that remain present more than four weeks after the initial infection. In part because of the significant case-by-case disparities, it took the clinical community time to recognize it as a specific condition, but a code was implemented ("Post-COVID-19 condition") for diagnosis on October 1, 2021. The code allows patients to be formally diagnosed with long COVID by a physician and the diagnosis to be entered into electronic health record (EHR) systems.
Jackson Laboratory Professor Peter Robinson, M.D., M.Sc., and Predoctoral Associate Ben Coleman have been investigating long COVID using EHR data from healthcare systems across the United States as part of the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). With the introduction of the diagnostic code, they and colleagues were able to analyze clinical data of patients diagnosed with long COVID to better define its characteristics. They also sought to determine whether it was possible to identify and define subtypes within the as-yet poorly understood umbrella diagnosis. Their findings, presented in "Generalisable long COVID subtypes: Findings from the NIH N3C and RECOVER programmes" and published in eBioMedicine, indicate that long COVID does indeed manifest in distinct subtypes that can help stratify patients and inform treatment strategies.
Long COVID subtypes
In all, Robinson and the team were able to obtain data for 20,532 patients who had received an official Post-COVID-19 condition diagnosis, from 38 data partners. While that number is very low—data for more than 5.4 million COVID-19 patients were in the N3C platform database by August 2022—the cohort is extremely important for long COVID research given that they all received diagnoses from a physician and they all have associated clinical data. The researchers defined long COVID as presenting 28 days after the earliest COVID-19 date noted for outpatients and 28 days after the end of hospitalization for inpatients.
The team mapped the clinical findings to computable terms contained in the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), a standard framework for describing human traits that was developed and is maintained by the Robinson lab. This allowed the researchers to analyze the data across the entire cohort. After adapting a computational algorithm known as Phenomizer, they were able to determine a similarity metric between pairs of patients. Further calculations revealed the grouping of patients into six distinct clusters, each representing a different long COVID subtype. The subtypes are defined by the predominant clinical manifestations:
- Multi-system + lab (associated with severe initial infection and a high frequency of multiple symptoms: neuropsychiatric, pulmonary, constitutional (e.g., general fatigue), cardiovascular, and vertigo as well as lab test abnormalities);
- Hypoxemia and cough;
- Neuropsychiatric (headache, insomnia, depression, movement abnormalities);
- Cardiovascular;
- Pain/fatigue; and
- Multi-system-pain (similar to 1 without the lab results).
Each cluster has different age, gender and race frequencies associated with it, as well as different prior comorbidities and conditions.
Precision long COVID treatment
The findings underscore the possibility that the mechanisms of long COVID may vary among individuals based on a collection of baseline risk factors. In light of this, clinical research studies, such as the NIH's "Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER)," will likely need to define sub-cohorts in their efforts to identify candidate therapeutics. And moving forward, stratifying long COVID patients will be important for effective treatment, as it is doubtful that any single approach will generalize well across the subtypes.
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SOURCE The Jackson Laboratory
Uncategorized
One more airline cracks down on lounge crowding in a way you won’t like
Qantas Airways is increasing the price of accessing its network of lounges by as much as 17%.
Over the last two years, multiple airlines have dealt with crowding in their lounges. While they are designed as a luxury experience for a small subset of travelers, high numbers of people taking a trip post-pandemic as well as the different ways they are able to gain access through status or certain credit cards made it difficult for some airlines to keep up with keeping foods stocked, common areas clean and having enough staff to serve bar drinks at the rate that customers expect them.
In the fall of 2023, Delta Air Lines (DAL) caught serious traveler outcry after announcing that it was cracking down on crowding by raising how much one needs to spend for lounge access and limiting the number of times one can enter those lounges.
Related: Competitors pushed Delta to backtrack on its lounge and loyalty program changes
Some airlines saw the outcry with Delta as their chance to reassure customers that they would not raise their fees while others waited for the storm to pass to quietly implement their own increases.
This is how much more you'll have to pay for Qantas lounge access
Australia's flagship carrier Qantas Airways (QUBSF) is the latest airline to announce that it would raise the cost accessing the 24 lounges across the country as well as the 600 international lounges available at airports across the world through partner airlines.
More Travel:
- A new travel term is taking over the internet (and reaching airlines and hotels)
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Unlike other airlines which grant access primarily after reaching frequent flyer status, Qantas also sells it through a membership — starting from April 18, 2024, prices will rise from $600 Australian dollars ($392 USD) to $699 AUD ($456 USD) for one year, $1,100 ($718 USD) to $1,299 ($848 USD) for two years and $2,000 AUD ($1,304) to lock in the rate for four years.
Those signing up for lounge access for the first time also currently pay a joining fee of $99 AUD ($65 USD) that will rise to $129 AUD ($85 USD).
The airline also allows customers to purchase their membership with Qantas Points they collect through frequent travel; the membership fees are also being raised by the equivalent amount in points in what adds up to as much as 17% — from 308,000 to 399,900 to lock in access for four years.
Airline says hikes will 'cover cost increases passed on from suppliers'
"This is the first time the Qantas Club membership fees have increased in seven years and will help cover cost increases passed on from a range of suppliers over that time," a Qantas spokesperson confirmed to Simple Flying. "This follows a reduction in the membership fees for several years during the pandemic."
The spokesperson said the gains from the increases will go both towards making up for inflation-related costs and keeping existing lounges looking modern by updating features like furniture and décor.
While the price increases also do not apply for those who earned lounge access through frequent flyer status or change what it takes to earn that status, Qantas is also introducing even steeper increases for those renewing a membership or adding additional features such as spouse and partner memberships.
In some cases, the cost of these features will nearly double from what members are paying now.
stocks pandemicUncategorized
Star Wars icon gives his support to Disney, Bob Iger
Disney shareholders have a huge decision to make on April 3.
Disney's (DIS) been facing some headwinds up top, but its leadership just got backing from one of the company's more prominent investors.
Star Wars creator George Lucas put out of statement in support of the company's current leadership team, led by CEO Bob Iger, ahead of the April 3 shareholders meeting which will see investors vote on the company's 12-member board.
"Creating magic is not for amateurs," Lucas said in a statement. "When I sold Lucasfilm just over a decade ago, I was delighted to become a Disney shareholder because of my long-time admiration for its iconic brand and Bob Iger’s leadership. When Bob recently returned to the company during a difficult time, I was relieved. No one knows Disney better. I remain a significant shareholder because I have full faith and confidence in the power of Disney and Bob’s track record of driving long-term value. I have voted all of my shares for Disney’s 12 directors and urge other shareholders to do the same."
Related: Disney stands against Nelson Peltz as leadership succession plan heats up
Lucasfilm was acquired by Disney for $4 billion in 2012 — notably under the first term of Iger. He received over 37 million in shares of Disney during the acquisition.
Lucas' statement seems to be an attempt to push investors away from the criticism coming from The Trian Partners investment group, led by Nelson Peltz. The group, owns about $3 million in shares of the media giant, is pushing two candidates for positions on the board, which are Peltz and former Disney CFO Jay Rasulo.
Peltz and Co. have called out a pair of Disney directors — Michael Froman and Maria Elena Lagomasino — for their lack of experience in the media space.
Related: Women's basketball is gaining ground, but is March Madness ready to rival the men's game?
Blackwells Capital is also pushing three of its candidates to take seats during the early April shareholder meeting, though Reuters has reported that the firm has been supportive of the company's current direction.
Disney has struggled in recent years amid the changes in media and the effects of the pandemic — which triggered the return of Iger at the helm in late 2022. After going through mass layoffs in the spring of 2023 and focusing on key growth brands, the company has seen a steady recovery with its stock up over 25% year-to-date and around 40% for the last six months.
Related: Veteran fund manager picks favorite stocks for 2024
stocks pandemic recoveryUncategorized
Another airline is making lounge fees more expensive
Qantas Airways is increasing the price of accessing its network of lounges by as much as 17%.
Over the last two years, multiple airlines have dealt with crowding in their lounges. While they are designed as a luxury experience for a small subset of travelers, high numbers of people taking a trip post-pandemic as well as the different ways they are able to gain access through status or certain credit cards made it difficult for some airlines to keep up with keeping foods stocked, common areas clean and having enough staff to serve bar drinks at the rate that customers expect them.
In the fall of 2023, Delta Air Lines (DAL) caught serious traveler outcry after announcing that it was cracking down on crowding by raising how much one needs to spend for lounge access and limiting the number of times one can enter those lounges.
Related: Competitors pushed Delta to backtrack on its lounge and loyalty program changes
Some airlines saw the outcry with Delta as their chance to reassure customers that they would not raise their fees while others waited for the storm to pass to quietly implement their own increases.
This is how much more you'll have to pay for Qantas lounge access
Australia's flagship carrier Qantas Airways (QUBSF) is the latest airline to announce that it would raise the cost accessing the 24 lounges across the country as well as the 600 international lounges available at airports across the world through partner airlines.
More Travel:
- A new travel term is taking over the internet (and reaching airlines and hotels)
- The 10 best airline stocks to buy now
- Airlines see a new kind of traveler at the front of the plane
Unlike other airlines which grant access primarily after reaching frequent flyer status, Qantas also sells it through a membership — starting from April 18, 2024, prices will rise from $600 Australian dollars ($392 USD) to $699 AUD ($456 USD) for one year, $1,100 ($718 USD) to $1,299 ($848 USD) for two years and $2,000 AUD ($1,304) to lock in the rate for four years.
Those signing up for lounge access for the first time also currently pay a joining fee of $99 AUD ($65 USD) that will rise to $129 AUD ($85 USD).
The airline also allows customers to purchase their membership with Qantas Points they collect through frequent travel; the membership fees are also being raised by the equivalent amount in points in what adds up to as much as 17% — from 308,000 to 399,900 to lock in access for four years.
Airline says hikes will 'cover cost increases passed on from suppliers'
"This is the first time the Qantas Club membership fees have increased in seven years and will help cover cost increases passed on from a range of suppliers over that time," a Qantas spokesperson confirmed to Simple Flying. "This follows a reduction in the membership fees for several years during the pandemic."
The spokesperson said the gains from the increases will go both towards making up for inflation-related costs and keeping existing lounges looking modern by updating features like furniture and décor.
While the price increases also do not apply for those who earned lounge access through frequent flyer status or change what it takes to earn that status, Qantas is also introducing even steeper increases for those renewing a membership or adding additional features such as spouse and partner memberships.
In some cases, the cost of these features will nearly double from what members are paying now.
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