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Green loans: Financing the transition to a low-carbon economy

Green loans: Financing the transition to a low-carbon economy

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Flooded street in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Photo: xuanhuongho/iStock

Rising demand for sustainable investments sparks innovation in credit markets

The effects of climate change are becoming the new normal in Vietnam, including increased sea level rise, increased number of heatwaves and increased frequency of hot days and hot nights. At the same time, Vietnam’s greenhouse gas emissions are increasing dramatically. Between 2010 and 2030, its overall emissions will increase fivefold, per capita emissions fourfold, and the carbon intensity of GDP by 20 percent. Huge investments are needed to address these challenges. 

Globally we are seeing a remarkable interest in the private sector to scale up investments dedicated to mitigate (and adapt to) climate change driven by growing concern about these issues and the enormity of the economic costs and financial losses facing the financial sector. 

The most obvious reflection of this interest is the rapid growth of the Green Bond market. New issuances surged to more than US$250 billion in 2019. The Green Bond is a fixed-income instrument that finances environment-friendly projects and appeals in particular to an expanding pool of investors who are interested in making measurable, beneficial social and environmental impact, while earning commercially appealing returns.

Capital markets have a crucial role to play in financing the transition to a green economy.  However, these markets remain relatively under-developed in many developing countries. Banks and financial institutions in these countries can play an important role in lowering the carbon footprint of rapid growth by redirecting capital flows to environmentally responsible projects and innovative technologies.  

 

Mobilizing innovative financial products and services 
Financial regulators such as central banks can motivate banks to provide environment-friendly projects with easier access to capital.  Emerging market regulators are using a combination of regulations, guidelines, taxation, fiscal and non-fiscal incentives and award schemes with very positive results in some instances.

Green credits such as loans to projects offering energy savings or emission reductions now make up approximately 10 percent of the portfolios of China’s top 21 banks thanks to mandatory Green Credit Guidelines issued by the China Banking Regulatory Commission and the People’s Bank of China. 

The Government of Malaysia’s Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) has resulted in the participation of 28 banks and financial institutions in 319 projects (approximately US$875million in loans) as of July 2018. The Scheme offers borrowers a two percent rebate on the total interest charged by banks for eligible green projects as well as a guarantee of 60 percent of the total approved loan.

Green loan portfolios of Bangladeshi banks increased from BDT24.2 billion in to BDT94.1 billion in 2018 after the central bank set a minimum annual target for banks and other financial institutions to dedicate 5 percent of total loan disbursements and investments to green financing. 

 

Rise of the labeled Green Loan
Using loan finance to fund green projects is not new, but in December 2018, the Loan Market Association, in conjunction with leading financial institutions, developed a standardized industry framework to finance projects that provide clear environmental benefits. The Green Loan Principles (GLPs) are closely modelled on the widely recognized Green Bond Principles (GBPs) and promote the same type of transparency in project selection, fund allocation and reporting. 

Applying a globally consistent methodology to identify a loan as “green” can help banks and financial institutions track the green share of their lending portfolio vis-à-vis their sustainability goals, redirect capital flows to meet targets, and even consider divesting in assets seen as vulnerable to climate events. GLP-aligned loans also help regulators apply universally accepted eligibility criteria for incentives such as grants or tax rebates, allowing small-sized projects that require smaller investments to access cheaper financing. Banks and financial institutions can also package such loans into Covered Green Bonds. 

While still early days, labeled Green Loan issuance amounted to about US$60 billion in 2018. In the ASEAN region, ING issued the first GLP- compliant Green Loan to finance a portfolio of rooftop solar projects developed and owned by Sunseap Commercial Assets Pte. Ltd., a subsidiary of Sunseap Group, the largest clean energy solutions provider in Singapore.

 

Loans with sustainability-linked pricing 
Another type of loan that is gaining traction is the Sustainability-Linked Loan. Also known as ESG-Linked Loan or Positive Incentive Loan, the proceeds of the loan are used for general corporate purposes, rather than “green” projects. But the pricing of the loan is based on the borrower’s environmental, social and governance (ESG) score or overall sustainability achievements such as emission reductions. If the borrower achieves its sustainability target, it benefits from favorable interest rates on the loan. If it fails, it pays a higher rate. These loans are also governed by standards developed by the Loan Market Association.

Global agricultural firm Louis Dreyfus (LDC), headquartered in the Netherlands, has two loans with sustainability-linked pricing mechanisms—a US$750 million revolving credit facility (RCF) in North America and a US$650 million RCF in Asia. LDC will benefit from a reduction in the interest rate on the RCFs each year it makes improvements in its sustainability performance. An independent auditor will provide validation. Other companies like Nokia (Eur1.5 billion) and US company CMS Energy (US$1.4 billion) have also signed Sustainability-Linked Loans. 

As global demand for sustainable finance continues to surge, the supply of these types of loans is expected to increase, especially from companies committed to reducing their carbon footprint and achieving positive impact. 

 

Tremendous potential in Vietnam 
Banks and companies in Vietnam can also grasp these business opportunities while contributing to reducing the impact of climate change. In the Mekong Delta alone, there is huge untapped potential for investments in climate-smart agriculture and renewable energy, especially wind and solar. The time is ripe to use innovative financial products like labeled Green Loans and Green Bonds to set Vietnam on a more sustainable and climate resilient path.  

 

This article was originally published in the Vietnam Investment Review

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United Airlines adds new flights to faraway destinations

The airline said that it has been working hard to "find hidden gem destinations."

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Since countries started opening up after the pandemic in 2021 and 2022, airlines have been seeing demand soar not just for major global cities and popular routes but also for farther-away destinations.

Numerous reports, including a recent TripAdvisor survey of trending destinations, showed that there has been a rise in U.S. traveler interest in Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea and Vietnam as well as growing tourism traction in off-the-beaten-path European countries such as Slovenia, Estonia and Montenegro.

Related: 'No more flying for you': Travel agency sounds alarm over risk of 'carbon passports'

As a result, airlines have been looking at their networks to include more faraway destinations as well as smaller cities that are growing increasingly popular with tourists and may not be served by their competitors.

The Philippines has been popular among tourists in recent years.

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United brings back more routes, says it is committed to 'finding hidden gems'

This week, United Airlines  (UAL)  announced that it will be launching a new route from Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) to Morocco's Marrakesh. While it is only the country's fourth-largest city, Marrakesh is a particularly popular place for tourists to seek out the sights and experiences that many associate with the country — colorful souks, gardens with ornate architecture and mosques from the Moorish period.

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"We have consistently been ahead of the curve in finding hidden gem destinations for our customers to explore and remain committed to providing the most unique slate of travel options for their adventures abroad," United's SVP of Global Network Planning Patrick Quayle, said in a press statement.

The new route will launch on Oct. 24 and take place three times a week on a Boeing 767-300ER  (BA)  plane that is equipped with 46 Polaris business class and 22 Premium Plus seats. The plane choice was a way to reach a luxury customer customer looking to start their holiday in Marrakesh in the plane.

Along with the new Morocco route, United is also launching a flight between Houston (IAH) and Colombia's Medellín on Oct. 27 as well as a route between Tokyo and Cebu in the Philippines on July 31 — the latter is known as a "fifth freedom" flight in which the airline flies to the larger hub from the mainland U.S. and then goes on to smaller Asian city popular with tourists after some travelers get off (and others get on) in Tokyo.

United's network expansion includes new 'fifth freedom' flight

In the fall of 2023, United became the first U.S. airline to fly to the Philippines with a new Manila-San Francisco flight. It has expanded its service to Asia from different U.S. cities earlier last year. Cebu has been on its radar amid growing tourist interest in the region known for marine parks, rainforests and Spanish-style architecture.

With the summer coming up, United also announced that it plans to run its current flights to Hong Kong, Seoul, and Portugal's Porto more frequently at different points of the week and reach four weekly flights between Los Angeles and Shanghai by August 29.

"This is your normal, exciting network planning team back in action," Quayle told travel website The Points Guy of the airline's plans for the new routes.

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Walmart launches clever answer to Target’s new membership program

The retail superstore is adding a new feature to its Walmart+ plan — and customers will be happy.

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It's just been a few days since Target  (TGT)  launched its new Target Circle 360 paid membership plan. 

The plan offers free and fast shipping on many products to customers, initially for $49 a year and then $99 after the initial promotional signup period. It promises to be a success, since many Target customers are loyal to the brand and will go out of their way to shop at one instead of at its two larger peers, Walmart and Amazon.

Related: Walmart makes a major price cut that will delight customers

And stop us if this sounds familiar: Target will rely on its more than 2,000 stores to act as fulfillment hubs. 

This model is a proven winner; Walmart also uses its more than 4,600 stores as fulfillment and shipping locations to get orders to customers as soon as possible.

Sometimes, this means shipping goods from the nearest warehouse. But if a desired product is in-store and closer to a customer, it reduces miles on the road and delivery time. It's a kind of logistical magic that makes any efficiency lover's (or retail nerd's) heart go pitter patter. 

Walmart rolls out answer to Target's new membership tier

Walmart has certainly had more time than Target to develop and work out the kinks in Walmart+. It first launched the paid membership in 2020 during the height of the pandemic, when many shoppers sheltered at home but still required many staples they might ordinarily pick up at a Walmart, like cleaning supplies, personal-care products, pantry goods and, of course, toilet paper. 

It also undercut Amazon  (AMZN)  Prime, which costs customers $139 a year for free and fast shipping (plus several other benefits including access to its streaming service, Amazon Prime Video). 

Walmart+ costs $98 a year, which also gets you free and speedy delivery, plus access to a Paramount+ streaming subscription, fuel savings, and more. 

An employee at a Merida, Mexico, Walmart. (Photo by Jeffrey Greenberg/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)

Jeff Greenberg/Getty Images

If that's not enough to tempt you, however, Walmart+ just added a new benefit to its membership program, ostensibly to compete directly with something Target now has: ultrafast delivery. 

Target Circle 360 particularly attracts customers with free same-day delivery for select orders over $35 and as little as one-hour delivery on select items. Target executes this through its Shipt subsidiary.

We've seen this lightning-fast delivery speed only in snippets from Amazon, the king of delivery efficiency. Who better to take on Target, though, than Walmart, which is using a similar store-as-fulfillment-center model? 

"Walmart is stepping up to save our customers even more time with our latest delivery offering: Express On-Demand Early Morning Delivery," Walmart said in a statement, just a day after Target Circle 360 launched. "Starting at 6 a.m., earlier than ever before, customers can enjoy the convenience of On-Demand delivery."

Walmart  (WMT)  clearly sees consumers' desire for near-instant delivery, which obviously saves time and trips to the store. Rather than waiting a day for your order to show up, it might be on your doorstep when you wake up. 

Consumers also tend to spend more money when they shop online, and they remain stickier as paying annual members. So, to a growing number of retail giants, almost instant gratification like this seems like something worth striving for.

Related: Veteran fund manager picks favorite stocks for 2024

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Comments on February Employment Report

The headline jobs number in the February employment report was above expectations; however, December and January payrolls were revised down by 167,000 combined.   The participation rate was unchanged, the employment population ratio decreased, and the …

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The headline jobs number in the February employment report was above expectations; however, December and January payrolls were revised down by 167,000 combined.   The participation rate was unchanged, the employment population ratio decreased, and the unemployment rate was increased to 3.9%.

Leisure and hospitality gained 58 thousand jobs in February.  At the beginning of the pandemic, in March and April of 2020, leisure and hospitality lost 8.2 million jobs, and are now down 17 thousand jobs since February 2020.  So, leisure and hospitality has now essentially added back all of the jobs lost in March and April 2020. 

Construction employment increased 23 thousand and is now 547 thousand above the pre-pandemic level. 

Manufacturing employment decreased 4 thousand jobs and is now 184 thousand above the pre-pandemic level.


Prime (25 to 54 Years Old) Participation

Since the overall participation rate is impacted by both cyclical (recession) and demographic (aging population, younger people staying in school) reasons, here is the employment-population ratio for the key working age group: 25 to 54 years old.

The 25 to 54 years old participation rate increased in February to 83.5% from 83.3% in January, and the 25 to 54 employment population ratio increased to 80.7% from 80.6% the previous month.

Both are above pre-pandemic levels.

Average Hourly Wages

WagesThe graph shows the nominal year-over-year change in "Average Hourly Earnings" for all private employees from the Current Employment Statistics (CES).  

There was a huge increase at the beginning of the pandemic as lower paid employees were let go, and then the pandemic related spike reversed a year later.

Wage growth has trended down after peaking at 5.9% YoY in March 2022 and was at 4.3% YoY in February.   

Part Time for Economic Reasons

Part Time WorkersFrom the BLS report:
"The number of people employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.4 million, changed little in February. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs."
The number of persons working part time for economic reasons decreased in February to 4.36 million from 4.42 million in February. This is slightly above pre-pandemic levels.

These workers are included in the alternate measure of labor underutilization (U-6) that increased to 7.3% from 7.2% in the previous month. This is down from the record high in April 2020 of 23.0% and up from the lowest level on record (seasonally adjusted) in December 2022 (6.5%). (This series started in 1994). This measure is above the 7.0% level in February 2020 (pre-pandemic).

Unemployed over 26 Weeks

Unemployed Over 26 WeeksThis graph shows the number of workers unemployed for 27 weeks or more.

According to the BLS, there are 1.203 million workers who have been unemployed for more than 26 weeks and still want a job, down from 1.277 million the previous month.

This is down from post-pandemic high of 4.174 million, and up from the recent low of 1.050 million.

This is close to pre-pandemic levels.

Job Streak

Through February 2024, the employment report indicated positive job growth for 38 consecutive months, putting the current streak in 5th place of the longest job streaks in US history (since 1939).

Headline Jobs, Top 10 Streaks
Year EndedStreak, Months
12019100
2199048
3200746
4197945
52024138
6 tie194333
6 tie198633
6 tie200033
9196729
10199525
1Currrent Streak

Summary:

The headline monthly jobs number was above consensus expectations; however, December and January payrolls were revised down by 167,000 combined.  The participation rate was unchanged, the employment population ratio decreased, and the unemployment rate was increased to 3.9%.  Another solid report.

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