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Global Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) Testing Markets, 2021-2022 & 2027: Line Probe Assays (LPAs), Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs), Expansion of Advanced and Hybrid Technique,

Global Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) Testing Markets, 2021-2022 & 2027: Line Probe Assays (LPAs), Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs), Expansion of Advanced and Hybrid Technique,
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DUBLIN, Oct. 12, 2022

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Global Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) Testing Markets, 2021-2022 & 2027: Line Probe Assays (LPAs), Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs), Expansion of Advanced and Hybrid Technique,

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DUBLIN, Oct. 12, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Global Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) Testing Market: Analysis By Type (Tuberculin Skin Test LTBI Testing and Interferon Gamma Released Assay (IGRA) LTBI Testing), By Region Size and Trends with Impact of COVID-19 and Forecast up to 2027" report has been added to  ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) testing market in 2021 was valued at US$1.75 billion and is expected to reach US$2.47 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 5.95% during 2022-2027

Latent Tuberculosis tests diagnose latent tuberculosis which is the type of TB infection where the bacteria remains inactive i.e., bacteria are present in the sleeping state inside the body. This infection can only be manifested through the tuberculin skin test (TST). In spite of this, there is a continuing risk that the latent infection may step up to active TB disease. The risk is increased by other illnesses such as HIV, drug abuse or medications which weakens the immune system.

Due to the aging population, upsurge in cigarette consumption and growth in pharmaceutical research and development, the market would propel in the forthcoming years. The global LTBI testing market volume reached 83.84 million in 2021.

Market Dynamics:

Growth Drivers:

One of the most important factors impacting the global latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) testing market is aging population. Since aged people are highly prone to have latent TB infection as underlying illnesses, age-related diminution in immune function, increased frequency of adverse drug reactions and institutionalization can complicate the overall clinical approach to tuberculosis in elderly patients.

As the aging population grows further, the risk of latent tuberculosis prevalence among them also tends to increase, which is expanding the scope for the growth of the global latent tuberculosis infection testing market in coming years.

Furthermore, the market has been growing over the past few years, due to factors such as rapid urbanization, surging prevalence of HIV, accelerating TB funding, accelerating construction activities, rise in consumer spending, escalating government initiatives, and many other factors.

Challenges:

However, the market has been confronted with some challenges specifically, multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), stringent government regulations, etc.

Trends:

The market is projected to grow at a fast pace during the forecast period, due to various latest trends such as increasing healthcare expenditure in emerging markets, line probe assays (LPAs), nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), expansion of advanced and hybrid technique, etc.

The expansion of advanced and hybrid techniques has immensely affected the clinical use of these, resulting in the increase of application of advanced testing techniques in latent tuberculosis diagnosis.

Hence, expansion of advanced and hybrid technique is predicted to create growth opportunities for the global LTBI testing market.

Market Segmentation Analysis:

In 2021, tuberculin skin test LTBI Testing segment held a major share of more than 60% in the market. On the other hand, the interferon gamma released assay (IGRA) segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR in the forthcoming years owing to the growth in pharmaceutical research and development, surging prevalence of HIV, and growing urbanization.

North America held the major share of above 40% in the market, owing to the high R&D spending and increasing cigarette consumption.

In North America, the US is expected to be the fastest growing region in the forecasted period. The US continues to have one of the lowest TB case rates in the world. However, according to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there is still a significant percentage of people that suffer from TB and the progress toward eliminating TB is relatively slow in the country.

Whereas, in the Europe region, Germany held almost 31% share in the market owing to the rising healthcare expenditure, expanding urbanization, and advanced and hybrid technologies.

Impact Analysis of COVID-19 and Way Forward:

The provision of TB health services (TB diagnosis, care and prevention services), and access to these services, were severely disrupted by COVID-19. TB service providers across many high TB burden contexts have faced difficulties in service provision, due to lack of appropriate equipment and capacity, restrictions to movement (affecting health care workers, commodities and stock) and reallocation of resources.

The COVID-19 pandemic has reversed significant progress that had been made in the global fight against TB, causing many TB reduction targets to be missed. In recent, few studies have proved COVID-19 may have factored into the case of LTBI reactivation. This is consistent with the knowledge that LTBI is reactivated in the setting of immunosuppression.

Given its high global prevalence and relatively high lifetime risk of reactivation, estimated to be 5%-10%, it is worth considering screening select populations for LTBI, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Competitive Landscape:

The global LTBI testing market is moderately fragmented, with a large number of small- and medium-sized manufacturers accounting for a major revenue share.

Some of the strategies among key players in the market for LTBI market are mergers, acquisitions, and collaborations. For instance, in 2022, Sanofi S.A. announced a collaboration with Innovent Biologics to bring innovative medicines to patients in China with difficult-to-treat cancers.

Whereas, Becton, Dickinson & Company announced a collaboration agreement with Labcorp, a global life sciences company, creating a framework to develop, manufacture, market and commercialize flow cytometry-based companion diagnostics (CDx) intended to match patients with life-changing treatments for cancer and other diseases.

The key players in the global LTBI testing market are:

  • Roche Holding AG
  • Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
  • Abbott Laboratories
  • Sanofi S.A.
  • Endo International plc
  • Becton, Dickinson and Company
  • PerkinElmer, Inc.
  • Bio-rad Laboratories, Inc.
  • BioMerieux SA
  • Qiagen N.V.
  • Cyrus Poonawalla Group (Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.)
  • Bruker Corporation

Key Topics Covered:

1. Executive Summary

2. Introduction
2.1 Latent Tuberculosis Infection Testing: An Overview
2.2 LTBI Testing Segmentation: An Overview

3. Global Market Analysis
3.1 Global LTBI Testing Market: An Analysis
3.2 Global LTBI Testing Market: Type Analysis
3.3 Global LTBI Testing Market Volume: An Analysis
3.4 Global LTBI Testing Market Volume: Type Analysis

4. Regional Market Analysis
4.1 North America LTBI Testing Market: An Analysis
4.2 Europe LTBI Testing Market: An Analysis
4.3 Asia Pacific LTBI Testing Market: An Analysis
4.4 Middle East & Africa LTBI Testing Market: An Analysis
4.5 Latin America LTBI Testing Market: An Analysis

5. Impact of COVID-19
5.1 Impact of COVID-19
5.1.1 Impact of COVID-19 on LTBI Testing Market
5.1.2 Impact of COVID-19 on Poverty Rate
5.1.3 Impact of COVID-19 on Geriatric Population & Latent TB Treatment
5.1.4 Post COVID-19 Impact on Global LTBI Market

6. Market Dynamics
6.1 Growth Drivers
6.1.1 Aging Population
6.1.2 Upsurge in Cigarette Consumption
6.1.3 Surging Prevalence of HIV
6.1.4 Urbanization leading to Monitoring and Screening Procedures
6.1.5 Growth in Pharmaceutical Research and Development
6.2 Challenges
6.2.1 Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
6.2.2 Stringent Government Regulations
6.2.3 Lack of Laboratory Facilities
6.3 Market Trends
6.3.1 Increasing Healthcare Expenditure in Emerging Markets
6.3.2 Accelerating TB Funding
6.3.3 Line Probe Assays (LPAs)
6.3.4 Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAATs)
6.3.5 Expansion of Advanced and Hybrid Technique
6.3.6 Escalating Government Initiatives

7. Competitive Landscape
7.1 Global LTBI Testing Market Players by Market Capitalization
7.2 Global LTBI Testing Market Players by R&D Comparison

8. Company Profiles
8.1 Business Overview
8.2 Operating Segment
8.3 Business Strategy

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/lh0ovv

Media Contact:
Research and Markets
Laura Wood, Senior Manager
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When words make you sick

In a new book, experts in a variety of fields explore nocebo effects – how negative expectations concerning health can make a person sick. It is the…

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In a new book, experts in a variety of fields explore nocebo effects – how negative expectations concerning health can make a person sick. It is the first time a book has been written on this subject.

“I think it’s the idea that words really matter. It’s fascinating that how we communicate can affect the outcome. Communication in health care is perhaps more important than the patient recognises,” says Charlotte Blease, who is a researcher at the Department of Women’s and Children’s Health at Uppsala University. 
Along with colleagues at Brown University in the United States and the University of Zurich in Switzerland she has written the book “The Nocebo Effect: When Words Make You Sick”. Nocebo is sometimes called the placebo’s evil twin. A placebo effect occurs when a patient thinks they feel better because of receiving medicine and part of that perception is due not to the drug but to positive expectations. The concept of the nocebo effect means that harmful things can happen because a person expects it – unconsciously or consciously. This is the first time the phenomenon has been addressed in a scholarly book. Researchers in medicine, history, culture, psychology and philosophy have examined it, each in their own particular area. 

Credit: Catherine Blease

In a new book, experts in a variety of fields explore nocebo effects – how negative expectations concerning health can make a person sick. It is the first time a book has been written on this subject.

“I think it’s the idea that words really matter. It’s fascinating that how we communicate can affect the outcome. Communication in health care is perhaps more important than the patient recognises,” says Charlotte Blease, who is a researcher at the Department of Women’s and Children’s Health at Uppsala University. 
Along with colleagues at Brown University in the United States and the University of Zurich in Switzerland she has written the book “The Nocebo Effect: When Words Make You Sick”. Nocebo is sometimes called the placebo’s evil twin. A placebo effect occurs when a patient thinks they feel better because of receiving medicine and part of that perception is due not to the drug but to positive expectations. The concept of the nocebo effect means that harmful things can happen because a person expects it – unconsciously or consciously. This is the first time the phenomenon has been addressed in a scholarly book. Researchers in medicine, history, culture, psychology and philosophy have examined it, each in their own particular area. 

“It’s a very new field, an emerging discipline. Even if the nocebo effect is documented far back in history, it perhaps became especially obvious during the coronavirus pandemic,” Blease says.

A previous study of patients during the pandemic (see below) shows that as many as three quarters of the reported side-effects of the coronavirus vaccine may be due to the nocebo effect. The study involved more than 45,000 participants, approximately half of whom were injected with a saline solution instead of the vaccine but despite this still experienced many side-effects such as nausea and headache. In the book, the authors highlight that one issue that disappeared in the discussion of side-effects during the coronavirus pandemic was that many of these were actually due to the nocebo effect.

“Whether this is due to expectations – the nocebo effect – remains to be understood. However, it is curious that so many participants reported side-effects after receiving no vaccine. Regardless, some people may have been put off by what they heard about side-effects,” Blease comments.


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Manufacturing and construction vs. the still-inverted yield curve

  – by New Deal democratProf. Menzie Chinn at Econbrowser makes the point that the yield curve is still inverted, and has not yet eclipsed the longest…

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 - by New Deal democrat


Prof. Menzie Chinn at Econbrowser makes the point that the yield curve is still inverted, and has not yet eclipsed the longest previous time between onset of such an inversion and a recession. So he believes the threat of recession is still on the table.


And he’s correct about the yield curve, although it is getting very long in the tooth. In the past half century, the shortest time between a 10 minus 2 year inversion (blue in the graph below) to recession has been 10 months (1980) and the longest 22 months (2007). For the 10 year minus 3 month inversion (red), the shortest time has been 8 months (1980 and 2001) and the longest has been 17 months (2007):



At present the former yield curve has been inverted for 20.5 months, and the latter for 16.5 months. So if there is no recession by May 1, we’re in uncharted territory as far as the yield curve indicator is concerned.

My view for the past half year or so has been much more cautious. While there has been nearly unprecedented Fed tightening (only the 1980-81 tightening was more severe), on the other hand there was massive pandemic stimulus, and what I described on some occasions as a “hurricane force tailwind” of supply chain unkinking. If the two positive forces have abated, does the negative force of the Fed tightening, which is still in place, now take precedence? Or because interest rates have plateaued in the past year, is it too something of a spent force? Since I confess not to know, because the situation is unprecedented in the modern era for which most data is available, I have highlighted turning to the short leading metrics. Do they remain steady or improve? Or do they deteriorate as they have before prior recessions?

First of all, let me show the NY Fed’s Global Supply Chain Index, which attempts to disaggregate supply sided information from demand side information. A positive value shows relative tightening, a negative loosening:



You can see the huge pandemic tightening in 2020 into 2022, followed by a similarly large loosening through 2023. For the past few months, the Index has been close to neutral, or shown very slight tightness.

Typically in the past Fed tightenings have operated through two main channels: housing and manufacturing, especially durable goods manufacturing.

Let’s take the two in reverse order.

Manufacturing has at very least stalled, and by some measures turned down to recessionary levels.  Last week I discussed industrial production (not shown), which peaked in late 2022 and has continued to trend sideways to slightly negative right through February.

A very good harbinger with a record going back 75 years has been the ISM manufacturing index. Here’s its historical record through about 10 years ago (when FRED discontinued publishing it):



And here is its record for the past several years:



This index was frankly recessionary for almost all of last year. It is still negative, although not so much as before.

Two other metrics with lengthy records are the average hourly workweek in manufacturing (blue, right scale), which is one of the 10 “official” leading indicators, as well as real spending on durable goods (red, measured YoY for ease of comparison, left scale):



As a general rule, if real spending on durable goods turns negative YoY for more than an isolated month, a recession has started (with the peak in absolute terms coming before). Also, since employers generally cut hours before cutting jobs, a decline of about 0.8% of an hour in the average manufacturing workweek has typically preceded a recession - with the caveat in modern times that it must fall to at least roughly 40.5 hours:



The average manufacturing workweek has met the former criteria for the last 9 months, and the latter since November. By contrast, real spending on durable goods was up 0.7% YoY as of the last report for January, and in December had made an all-time record high.

But if some of the manufacturing data has met the historical criteria for a recession warning, it is important to note that manufacturing is less of US GDP than before the year 2000, and had been down more in 2015-16 without a recession occurring.

Further, housing construction has not meaningfully constricted at all. The below graph shows the leading metric of housing permits (another “official” component of the LEI, right scale), together with housing units under construction (gold, *1.2 for scale, right scale), and also real GDP q/q (red, left scale):



Housing permits declined -30% after the Fed began tightening, which has normally been enough to trigger a recession. *BUT* the actual measure of economic activity, housing units under construction, has barely turned down at all. In comparison to past downturns, where typically it had fallen at least 10%, and more often 20%, before a recession had begun, as of last month it was only 2% off peak!

The only other two occasions where housing permits declined comparably with no recession ensuing - 1966 and 1986 - real gross domestic product increased robustly. This was similarly the case in 2023.

An important reason is the other historical reason proppin up expansions: stimulative government spending. Here’s the historical record comparing fiscal surpluses vs. deficits:



Note the abrupt end of stimulative spending in 1937, normally thought to have been the prime driver of the steep 1938 recession. Note also the big “Great Society” stimulative spending in 1966-68, when a downturn was averted (indeed, although not shown in the first graph above, there was an inverted yield curve then as well). Needless to say, there as been a great deal of stimulative fiscal spending since 2020 as well.

Fed tightening typically works by constricting demand. Both government stimulus and the unkinking of supply chains work to stimulate supply. 

All of which leads to the conclusion that, while manufacturing has reacted to the tightening, the *real* measure of construction activity has not, or not sufficiently to be recessionary.

Tomorrow housing permits, starts, and units under construction will all be updated. Unless there is a sharp decline in units under construction, there is no short term recession signal at all.

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Half Of Downtown Pittsburgh Office Space Could Be Empty In 4 Years

Half Of Downtown Pittsburgh Office Space Could Be Empty In 4 Years

Authored by Mike Shedlock via MishTalk.com,

The CRE implosion is picking…

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Half Of Downtown Pittsburgh Office Space Could Be Empty In 4 Years

Authored by Mike Shedlock via MishTalk.com,

The CRE implosion is picking up steam.

Check out the grim stats on Pittsburgh.

Unions are also a problem in Pittsburgh as they are in Illinois and California.

Downtown Pittsburgh Implosion

The Post Gazette reports nearly half of Downtown Pittsburgh office space could be empty in 4 years.

Confidential real estate information obtained by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette estimates that 17 buildings are in “significant distress” and another nine are in “pending distress,” meaning they are either approaching foreclosure or at risk of foreclosure. Those properties represent 63% of the Downtown office stock and account for $30.5 million in real estate taxes, according to the data.

It also calculates the current office vacancy rate at 27% when subleases are factored in — one of the highest in the country.

And with an additional three million square feet of unoccupied leased space becoming available over the next five years, the vacancy rate could soar to 46% by 2028, based on the data.

Property assessments on 10 buildings, including U.S. Steel Tower, PPG Place, and the Tower at PNC Plaza, have been slashed by $364.4 million for the 2023 tax year, as high vacancies drive down their income.

Another factor has been the steep drop — to 63.5% from 87.5% — in the common level ratio, the number used to compute taxable value in county assessment appeal hearings.

The assessment cuts have the potential to cost the city, the county, and the Pittsburgh schools nearly $8.4 million in tax refunds for that year alone. Downtown represents nearly 25% of the city’s overall tax base.

In response Pittsburgh City Councilman Bobby Wilson wants to remove a $250,000 limit on the amount of tax relief available to a building owner or developer as long as a project creates at least 50 full-time equivalent jobs.

It’s unclear if the proposal will be enough. Annual interest costs to borrow $1 million have soared from $32,500 at the start of the pandemic in 2020 to $85,000 on March 1. Local construction costs have increased by about 30% since 2019.

But the city is doomed if it does nothing. Aaron Stauber, president of Rugby Realty said it will probably empty out Gulf Tower and mothball it once all existing leases expire.

“It’s cheaper to just shut the lights off,” he said. “At some point, we would move on to greener pastures.”

Where’s There’s Smoke There’s Unions

In addition to the commercial real estate woes, the city is also wrestling with union contracts.

Please consider Sounding the alarm: Pittsburgh Controller’s letter should kick off fiscal soul-searching

It’s only March, and Pittsburgh’s 2024 house-of-cards operating budget is already falling down. That’s the clear implication of a letter sent by new City Controller Rachael Heisler to Mayor Ed Gainey and members of City Council on Wednesday afternoon.

The letter is a rare and welcome expression of urgency in a city government that has fallen in complacency — and is close to falling into fiscal disaster.

The approaching crisis was thrown into sharp relief this week, when City Council approved amendments to the operating budget accounting for a pricey new contract with the firefighters union. The Post-Gazette Editorial Board had predicted that this contract — plus two others yet to be announced and approved — would demonstrate the dishonesty of Mayor Ed Gainey’s budget, and that’s exactly what’s happening: The new contract is adding $11 million to the administration’s artificially low 5-year spending projections, bringing expected 2028 reserves to just barely the legal limit.

But there’s still two big contracts to go, with the EMS union and the Pittsburgh Joint Collective Bargaining Committee, which covers Public Works workers. Worse, there are tens — possibly hundreds — of millions in unrealistic revenues still on the books. On this, Ms. Heisler’s letter only scratched the surface.

Similarly, as we have observed, the budget’s real estate tax revenue projections are radically inconsistent with reality. Due to high vacancies and a sharp reduction in the common level ratio, a significant drop in revenues was predictable — but not reflected in the budget. Ms. Heisler’s estimate of a 20% drop in revenues from Downtown property, or $5.3 million a year, may even be optimistic: Other estimates peg the loss at twice that, or more.

Left unmentioned in the letter are massive property tax refunds the city will owe, as well as fanciful projections of interest income that are inconsistent with the dwindling reserves, and drawing-down of federal COVID relief funds, predicted in the budget itself. That’s another unrealistic $80 million over five years.

Pittsburgh exited Act 47 state oversight after nearly 15 years on Feb. 12, 2018, with a clean bill of fiscal health. 

It has already ruined that bill of health.

Act 47 in Pittsburgh

Flashback February 21, 2018Act 47 in Pittsburgh: What Was Accomplished?

Pittsburgh’s tax structure was a much-complained-about topic leading up to the Act 47 declaration. The year following Pittsburgh’s designation as financially distressed under Act 47 it levied taxes on real estate, real estate transfers, parking, earned income, business gross receipts (business privilege and mercantile), occupational privilege and amusements. The General Assembly enacted tax reforms in 2004 giving the city authority to levy a payroll preparation tax in exchange for the immediate elimination of the mercantile tax and the phase out of the business privilege tax. The tax reforms increased the amount of the occupational privilege tax from $10 to $52 (this is today known as the local services tax and all municipalities outside of Philadelphia levy it and could raise it thanks to the change for Pittsburgh).

The coordinators recommended an increase in the deed transfer tax, which occurred in late 2004 (it was just increased again by City Council) and in the real estate tax, which increased in 2015.

Legacy costs, principally debt and underfunded pensions, were the primary focus of the 2009 amended recovery plan. The city’s pension funded ratio has increased significantly from where it stood a decade ago, rising from the mid-30 percent range to over 60 percent at last measurement.

The obvious question? Will the city stick to the steps taken to improve financially and avoid slipping back into distressed status? If Pittsburgh once stood “on the precipice of full-blown crisis,” as described in the first recovery plan, hopefully it won’t return to that position.

The Obvious Question

I could have answered the 2018 obvious question with the obvious answer. Hell no.

No matter how much you raise taxes, it will never be enough because public unions will suck every penny and want more.

On top of union graft, and insanely woke policies in California, we have an additional huge problem.

Hybrid Work Leaves Offices Empty and Building Owners Reeling

Hybrid work has put office building owners in a bind and could pose a risk to banks. Landlords are now confronting the fact that some of their office buildings have become obsolete, if not worthless.

Meanwhile, in Illinois …

Chicago Teachers’ Union Seeks $50 Billion Despite $700 Million City Deficit

Please note the Chicago Teachers’ Union Seeks $50 Billion Despite $700 Million City Deficit

The CTU wants to raise taxes across the board, especially targeting real estate.

My suggestion, get the hell out...

Tyler Durden Mon, 03/18/2024 - 12:10

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