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Futures Jump On Relief From Tesla’s Blowout Earnings

Futures Jump On Relief From Tesla’s Blowout Earnings

US equity futures traded higher led by tech stocks, after Tesla’s results beat expectations…

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Futures Jump On Relief From Tesla's Blowout Earnings

US equity futures traded higher led by tech stocks, after Tesla’s results beat expectations boosting hopes for another strong earnings season and allayed fears of an imminent recession. The electric-vehicle maker’s shares jumped 7.2% in premarket trading on Thursday, while United Airlines rose 7% after forecasting it will return to profit this year. By contrast, Alcoa dropped 5.7% after reporting worse-than-expected sales and higher inventories due to supply-chain disruptions. S&P futures rose 0.85% or 37 points to 4,493 while Nasdaq 100 futs rose 1.2% to 14,175. A selloff in Treasuries resumed with a debate raging around whether inflation is peaking: the 10-year Treasury yield added 4 basis points. The euro and German bund yields rose after hawkish comments from European Central Bank officials. The dollar reversed losses, gold slumped to session lows and bitcoin jumped above $42,000.

Tesla’s earnings provided some relief for investors in tech after Netflix’s 35% slump on Wednesday raised concerns that the industry is being hit by inflation and expected rapid monetary-policy tightening by the Federal Reserve, according to Swissquote analyst Ipek Ozkardeskaya. "The macroeconomic conditions are not favorable for tech companies this year,” she said. “Although we haven’t seen a shocking migration from tech to value names, the tech companies that have shaky future earnings, and that can’t pass inflation on to their customers will likely suffer more."

Besides the surging Tesla, here are some other notable premarket movers:

  • Alcoa (AA US) shares decline 5.7% in premarket trading Thursday after the aluminum producer’s 1Q revenue missed estimates.
  • Netflix (NFLX US) shares fall 1.1% in premarket trading, extending Wednesday’s 35% plunge after the streaming firm announced a surprise decline in subscribers. Analysts highlight the company’s valuation and business model are under review, while inflation and competition are challenging for the stock.
  • United Airlines (UAL US) shares rise 7.5% in premarket trading after forecasting a profit this year. It has experienced a “rapid improvement” in both demand and revenue, according to MKM Partners.
  • U.S.-listed Macau casino operators Las Vegas Sands (LVS US), MGM Resorts (MGM US) and Melco Resorts (MLCO US) may be active after Shanghai reported a sharp increase in its number of seriously ill Covid patients.

Meanwhile, Chinese stocks extended this week’s rout as investors fretted over the economic effects of the nation’s Covid-Zero strategy, with lower-than-expected policy stimulus adding to their disappointment. An address by President Xi Jinping failed to soothe investors pining for more measures to support growth.

Bond bears have returned after Wednesday’s rally in Treasuries fueled by some investors including Bank of America and Nomura who said the panic over inflation and rate-hike bets had gone too far. However, a Federal Reserve anecdotal survey showed inflationary pressures remained strong. Meanwhile, equities stayed resilient to higher yields with their focus on earnings.

While the peak-inflation debate is intensifying, it’s unlikely to derail global central banks from their tightening path as commodity shortages from the war in Ukraine keep prices elevated. New Zealand inflation accelerated in the first quarter to the fastest pace in 32 years, validating the central bank’s pursuit of an aggressive tightening cycle. As noted yesterday, the U.S. 10-year real yield turned positive on Wednesday for the first time since March 2020 as traders added to bets on an aggressive Fed hiking cycle. However, the level failed to hold for long.

Separately, the Fed said in its Beige Book survey released Wednesday revealed that the U.S. economy grew at a moderate pace through mid-April, but rising prices and geopolitical developments created uncertainty and clouded the outlook for future growth.

“Strong demand allowed firms to pass through input cost increases in consumers,” Carol Kong, a strategist at Commonwealth Bank of Australia, said in a note. “The anecdotal evidence supports our view the FOMC is well behind the curve and needs to tighten policy aggressively.”

In Europe, the travel and construction sectors led gain, pushing the Stoxx Europe 600 Index 0.9% higher. CAC 40 outperforms, adding 1.2%, FTSE 100 lags, dropping 0.3%. Travel, construction and industrials are the strongest-performing sectors. French equities including Alstom and Saint-Gobain outperform after Wednesday’s sole debate between President Emmanuel Macron and nationalist leader Marine Le Pen reassured investors, with the pro-business incumbent seen as having dominated the encounter. Basic resources shares underperform in Europe, heading for the biggest three-day decline on a closing basis since January, as miners fall on 1Q production reports. ABB jumped 5.3% after the Swiss automation group reported better-than-expected earnings. Anglo American fell 8.2% in London after the mining company cut output goals and said costs would be higher than expected. Here are some of the biggest European movers today:

  • Nestle shares advance as much as 1.9% after the food company reported quarterly sales that exceeded market expectations. Analysts were impressed by the quality of the beat, highlighting the company’s pricing power.
  • ABB shares rise as much as 5.9% after the industrial automation and robotics group’s 1Q results topped expectations.
  • Akzo Nobel shares rise as much as 7.7% after the paint maker’s first-quarter adjusted operating income beat estimates, which Citi says is the result of pricing offsetting increased raw material costs for the first time this cycle.
  • Sartorius AG rises as much as 6.1%, biggest gainer on the Stoxx 600 Health Care subindex, after reporting earnings that included consensus beats on adjusted Ebitda and adjusted Ebitda margins.
  • Rexel rose as much as 7.3% after reporting 1Q revenue that topped estimates. The electrical-supplies company enjoyed pricing benefits, though there may be questions about why it didn’t raise guidance, Citi writes in a note.
  • Europeanlong-haul airlines rise on Thursday after U.S. peer United Air forecast a return to profit, with British Airways owner IAG +6.8%, Air France-KLM +4.1% and Lufthansa +3.9%.
  • Anglo American stock drop as much as 9.3% after the miner cut some output goals and raised costs guidance; Antofagasta also slumps following production decline, trades “ex-dividend.”
  • Carrefour falls as much as 4.4%, with Citi saying it could “pause” after a recent run even as it met 1Q sales expectations, with Latin America and French convenience stores outperforming.
  • Kinnevik shares slide as much as 9.2%, the most since February, after reporting its latest earnings, which included a drop in NAV to SEK243.50 from SEK424 y/y

Earlier in the session, Asian stocks edged lower, with Chinese and Hong Kong gauges leading losses on mounting growth concerns, while stocks in other parts of the region were mostly higher.  The MSCI Asia Pacific Index dropped as much as 0.5% Thursday before paring losses. Communication and consumer shares slipped as technology stocks got a boost for a second day from stabilizing bond yields. Japanese equities gained as the yen resumed weakening against the dollar. Chinese benchmarks extended declines as investors became increasingly worried about growth in the world’s second-largest economy. Chinese tech stocks fell for a third consecutive day, weighed by shares linked to electric-vehicle production as lockdowns on the mainland disrupt logistics. Investors have so far been disappointed at Chinese attempts to counter the economic impact of lockdowns. JD.com Inc. and Pinduoduo Inc. fell at least 1.4% each in New York premarket trading.

The CSI 300 Index capped a fifth day of losses, with lockdown-induced disruptions to supply chains and a series of disappointing monetary policy decisions quelling sentiment. “The timing of the policy stimulus would be key,” said Wai Ho Leong, a strategist at Modular Asset Management, referring to China’s monetary policy. He added that investors are also watching for stabilization of Covid-19 cases. The U.S. 10-year Treasury yield is down from a three-year high as some investors called for dip buying after the recent rout. Still, more monetary tightening is expected as the Federal Reserve said inflation pressures remain strong and that rising prices are clouding the economic outlook. More aggressive tightening by the Fed in early May, “such as a 75 basis-point hike or start of balance sheet reduction, may limit the People’s Bank of China’s options going forward,” said Marvin Chen, a strategist at Bloomberg Intelligence.

Japanese equities rose for a third day, driven by advances in electronics and machinery makers. Chemical makers also boosted the Topix, which gained 0.7%. Tokyo Electron and Fast Retailing were the largest contributors to a 1.2% rise in the Nikkei 225. The yen resumed weakening against the dollar after rallying 0.8% Wednesday.

India’s stock gauges rose for a second consecutive session to further reduce their sharp losses in the previous five days, driven by a continued recovery in index heavyweight technology and banking stocks. Reliance Industries surged to a record, giving the biggest boost to the indexes, after Morgan Stanley raised the price target on India’s most valuable company by 11%, citing the company’s focus on hydrogen production amid global energy transition. The S&P BSE Sensex rose 1.5% to 57,911.68 in Mumbai, while the NSE Nifty 50 Index advanced by an equal measure. There were 27 advancers, while 3 stocks declined. All but one the 19 sector sub-indexes compiled by BSE Ltd. climbed. Auto, consumer discretionary and finance companies were among the top performers

Australia's commodity-heavy stocks rose for a fifth day near a record high. The S&P/ASX 200 index rose 0.3% to close at 7,592.80, climbing for a fifth day, led by gains in the industrial and real estate sectors. The five-day advance brought the benchmark less than 1% shy of a record high hit in August. Brambles rose after boosting its underlying profit at constant FX rates forecast for the full year. Meanwhile, Megaport plunged the most on record following its third-quarter revenue update. Citi said the result was weaker than expected and saw misses on monthly recurring revenue (MRR) and Megaport Virtual Edge (MVE) additions. In New Zealand, the S&P/NZX 50 index fell 0.1% to 11,954.00

In FX, the Bloomberg dollar spot index rebounded back into the green after falling 0.1%. NZD and JPY are the weakest performers in G-10 FX. the Euro rallies while short-end German bond yields rise sharply in response to hawkish comments from ECB’s Wunsch and Guindos. EUR/USD rises 0.7% on to a 1.09 handle, outperforming in G-10. Money markets briefly price 75 bps of interest-rate hikes by the ECB’s December decision. China’s yuan dropped for a third day amid rising volatility; the currency extended declines amid rising volatility spurred by uncertainties surrounding policy support for the slowing economy. Cautious risk sentiment in global markets also weighed on the yuan ahead of Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s speech later on Thursday.

In rates, treasuries resumed their drop and are cheaper across the curve, following wider losses across bunds after hawkish comments from ECB’s Wunsch and Guindos as money markets priced in a more aggressive rate path for the euro-zone central bank. Treasury yields cheaper by ~5bp across the curve with 10-year around 2.87%; bunds lead losses in core rates. The German curve leads a broad-based bear-flattening move. Short end moves sharply lower, with 2y and 5y yields rising 10-12bps. USTs and gilts follow but outperform by ~3bps at the 10y point. Peripheral spreads are mixed, tightening to core at the short end, widening a touch at the back end. Futures activity during Asia session and European morning has featured continued selling of 10-year note contracts via 5k-lot block trades, most recent at 6:38am. The IG corporate issuance slate is not too busy and includes Development Bank of Japan 5Y SOFR and KfW 5Y SOFR; four deals priced $10.5b Wednesday, taking weekly volume above $40b. Focal points of U.S. session focus include appearance by Fed Chair Powell and 5-year TIPS auction, both at 1pm ET.

European bonds fell, with 10-year bund yields adding 5 basis points. Traders are betting on three quarter-point hikes from the ECB this year, after Governing Council member Pierre Wunsch said policy rates could be raised above zero before year-end, with the bank perhaps even deploying “restrictive” policy to get surging prices under control. Adding to the sense of urgency, fellow members Luis de Guindos and Martins Kazaks said a rate hike in July was possible.

In commodities, WTI drifts 1% higher to trade around $103; Brent is also firmer but off best levels and currently reside around the mid-point of USD 2.50/bbl ranges amid multiple pertinent updates. Namely, Russian-Ukraine negotiations and Mariupol developments, though we await Western confirmation, and China's COVID situation with strict curbs seemingly set to remain. Brazilian Oil Minister discussed raising oil output with the US amid the Ukraine crisis, while Brazil is willing to meet India's oil needs and wants Indian investment. Furthermore, the oil minister hopes oil prices stabilise below USD 100/bbl and said a high oil price is not good for producers and consumers, according to Reuters. Spot gold has continued to slip below the USD 1950/oz mark losing the 21-DMA at USD 1947 ahead of potential 50-DMA support at USD 1936.05/oz.

Bitcoin is firmer on the session but seemingly remains drawn to the USD 42k mark, in-spite of a brief foray above the figure.

Looking to the day ahead now, and central bank speakers include Fed Chair Powell and ECB President Lagarde, who are taking part in a panel on the global economy, as well as BoE Governor Bailey and the BoE’s Mann. Data releases from the US include the weekly initial jobless claims, and from the Euro Area there’s also the European Commission’s advance consumer confidence reading for April. Finally, earnings releases include Danaher, NextEra Energy, Philip Morris International, Union Pacific and Blackstone.

Market Snapshot

  • S&P 500 futures up 0.8% to 4,489.75
  • MXAP down 0.2% to 171.95
  • MXAPJ down 0.4% to 567.72
  • Nikkei up 1.2% to 27,553.06
  • Topix up 0.7% to 1,928.00
  • Hang Seng Index down 1.3% to 20,682.22
  • Shanghai Composite down 2.3% to 3,079.81
  • Sensex up 1.4% to 57,837.40
  • Australia S&P/ASX 200 up 0.3% to 7,592.79
  • Kospi up 0.4% to 2,728.21
  • STOXX Europe 600 up 0.4% to 461.91
  • Brent Futures up 0.9% to $107.76/bbl
  • German 10Y yield little changed at 0.93%
  • Euro up 0.6% to $1.0916
  • Gold spot down 0.6% to $1,945.26
  • U.S. Dollar Index down 0.39% to 100.00

Top Overnight News from Bloomberg

  • The ECB could lift policy rates above zero before the end of the year unless the euro-zone economy suffers a severe shock, and it might even have to deploy “restrictive” policy to get surging prices under control, Governing Council member Pierre Wunsch said
  • The ECB should be able to phase out asset purchases in July to pave the way for an interest-rate increase as early as that month, according to Vice President Luis de Guindos
  • The euro is being used less often as a global payment currency, posting its biggest percentage-point drop in more than a decade in March, as inflation and the war in Ukraine weigh on its appeal for transactions
  • Liquefied natural gas suppliers are asking clients to pay much higher rates for new long-term contracts, as a global effort to cut Russian imports is expected to keep the market tight for the next decade
  • President Xi Jinping defended China’s lockdown-dependent approach to fighting the pandemic, even as he sought to reassure the world that the country was still committed to opening its economy

A more detailed look at global markets courtesy of Newsquawk

 

Top Asian News

  • China State Energy Giants in Talks for Shell’s Russian Gas Stake
  • Japan Upgrades View of Economy Following Lifting of Covid Curbs
  • Bank of Korea Governor Rhee Warns of Debt, Aging Risks
  • BofA Said to Relocate Some Hong Kong Dealmakers to Singapore

European bourses are firmer across the board, Euro Stoxx 50 +1.2%, upside that occurred alongside renewed EUR upside; potentially, on a stronger currency alleviating some imported-inflation pain. However, the FTSE 100 -0.1% is the clear laggard in-spite of favourable GBP action with heavy-weight mining names pressured after Q1 production reports. Stateside, US futures are firmer across the board, NQ +1.0%, following a strong TSLA, +7% pre-market, report and ahead of commentary from Fed's Powell at two events.

Top European News

  • Fired BNP Boss Accused of ‘Emotional Terrorism’ Seeks $4 Million
  • Macron Brushes Off Attacks as Debate Reassures Investors
  • Dutch Government Votes to Tighten Bonus Rules For Finance Firms
  • Binance Limits Russia Services After EU Sanctions on Crypto

FX

  • Euro outperforms as dovish-leaning ECB member de Guindos tilts towards July hike and markets factor in 75 bps tightening before year end; EUR/USD hits 1.0936 high after breaching series of tech resistance levels and huge option expiries between 1.0900-05 (3.3 bln).
  • Dollar rattled by Euro exertions and DXY loses 100.000+ status in response.
  • Loonie and Kiwi diverge after mixed Canadian and NZ inflation data in relation to consensus, USD/CAD sub-1.2500 where 1.36bln expiry interest resides and NZD/USD sub-0.6800.
  • Yen back under pressure as yields rebound markedly and BoJ continues efforts to impose YCT, while keeping verbal currency intervention trained on the pace rather than scale of moves, USD/JPY above 128.00.
  • Pound undermined by EUR/GBP rally through technical resistance awaiting BoE rhetoric, while Yuan extends losses after latest weaker CNY fix and comments from Chinese media citing factors that may lead to further depreciation; Cable capped into 1.3100 and cross up over 21 and 50 DMAs to circa 0.8367.
  • Rouble rebounds as CBR says it is contemplating FX controls, USD/RUB just under 80.0000.

Fixed Income

  • Bonds reverse course after latest correction from bear market territory, with Bunds, Gilts and 10 year T-note trying to stay on 154.00, 118.00 and 119-00 handles.
  • Eurozone debt hit by hawkish sounding remarks from usual ECB dove de Guindos to the effect that data may determine a July hike.
  • French OATs hold up better than the rest after strong multi-tranche auction, on balance and Macron's outperformance during Presidential TV debate.

Commodities

  • WTI and Brent are firmer but off best levels and currently reside around the mid-point of USD 2.50/bbl ranges amid multiple pertinent updates.
  • Namely, Russian-Ukraine negotiations and Mariupol developments, though we await Western confirmation, and China's COVID situation with strict curbs seemingly set to remain.
  • Brazilian Oil Minister discussed raising oil output with the US amid the Ukraine crisis, while Brazil is willing to meet India's oil needs and wants Indian investment. Furthermore, the oil minister hopes oil prices stabilise below USD 100/bbl and said a high oil price is not good for producers and consumers, according to Reuters.
  • Peru is to declare a state of emergency to restore copper output at the Cuajone mine which was halted by protests in late February, according to Reuters.
  • Spot gold has continued to slip below the USD 1950/oz mark losing the 21-DMA at USD 1947 ahead of potential 50-DMA support at USD 1936.05/oz.

 

US Event Calendar

  • 08:30: April Continuing Claims, est. 1.46m, prior 1.48m
  • 08:30: April Initial Jobless Claims, est. 180,000, prior 185,000
  • 08:30: April Philadelphia Fed Business Outl, est. 21.4, prior 27.4
  • 10:00: March Leading Index, est. 0.2%, prior 0.3%

Central Bank Speakers

  • 13:00: Powell and Lagarde Take Part in IMF Panel on Global Economy

DB's Jim Reid concludes the overnight wrap

After a major selloff so far in April, sovereign bonds have pared back their losses over the last 24 hours as investors await comments today from Fed Chair Powell and ECB President Lagarde, who’ll be appearing together on an IMF panel on the global economy in the New York afternoon. The moves saw 10yr Treasury yields undergo a major intraday swing, falling more than -13bps from their intraday high of 2.98% during Asian trading, before closing at 2.83%, ahead of a +3bps move back higher this morning. There seemed to be a belief that if inflation was in the process of peaking out, the strength of the recent rates sell-off might be overdone.

But even as longer-dated yields moved lower on both sides of the Atlantic, the front end has been much more subdued by comparison, with the 2yr yield falling just -1.6bps yesterday and actually up +3bps this morning as investors continue to price in yet more Fed hikes over the near term. In fact, the amount of hikes priced in by December hit a fresh high of 227bps yesterday, and when you include the 25bp hike from last month, that implies the Fed will have tightened by more than 260bps for the year as a whole, so more than the 250bps worth of tightening we saw back in 1994. Market pricing is in line with what the Fed has been communicating of late. Even yesterday’s dovish leaning speakers, Presidents Daly and Evans, expressed a desire to get policy rates to neutral by the end of this year, which the most recent dot plot pegs at right around 250bps. Looking beyond this year as well, the rate that futures are pricing in for June 2023 hit a fresh closing high of 3.10%, although that’s still beneath our US economists’ call for a rate of 3.6% by then.

This growing drumbeat for monetary tightening was echoed in Europe too, where a couple of speakers signalled that an initial rate hike as early as July was potentially on the table. First, we heard from Latvian central bank governor Kazaks in a Bloomberg interview, who said that “A rate increase in July is possible”. And then Bundesbank President Nagel said that there could be a rate hike “at the beginning of the third quarter” if asset purchases were finished at the end of Q2. Currently, overnight index swaps are only fully pricing in a 25bp hike by the September meeting, and that’s when our own European economists are also expecting the ECB to move on rates as well. So if July were realised that would be a step up from where markets currently are right now. That said, this would fit the pattern we saw with the Fed, where markets progressively brought forward the expected timing of the first hike, having initially not expected one in 2022 at all to the point where one got priced in as early as March, even with the shock presented by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

Even with the increasing chatter around a July ECB hike, sovereign bonds in Europe pretty much echoed their US counterparts, with yields on 10yr bunds (-5.5bps), OATs (-4.6bps) and BTPs (-3.6bps) all moving lower. That came as European natural gas prices fell to another post-invasion low yesterday, down -1.21% at €92.63/MWh, though the war itself continues to show no sign of ending, with the commentary around any negotiations still taking on a very negative tone from both sides.

Equities put in a solid performance for the most part, although Netflix plunged -35.12% in trading after it reported a decline in subscribers in the first quarter, marking its worst daily performance since 2004. The move also leaves its share price at its lowest level in over 4 years, and the company’s YTD losses now stand at -62.45%, making it the worst performer in the entire S&P 500 on a YTD basis. My bingeing of Bridgerton 2 on holiday and starting the final series of Better Call Saul (the best show of the last few years) last night obviously hasn’t helped. Netflix’s decline dragged down a number of indices, with the FANG+ index of megacap tech stocks shedding -6.17%, primarily due to the Netflix move, whilst the NASDAQ fell -1.22%. The broader S&P 500 was more resilient, falling a mere -0.06%, with 378 stocks actually advancing showing that big cap tech was a drag. European shares were stronger, with the STOXX 600 gaining +0.84% as it more than recovered from the previous day’s losses.

Contrary to Netflix, Tesla revealed a record profit on strong demand for electric vehicles and through the sale of carbon credits in their earnings after the close. Going forward, they believe production will continue to grow despite supply chain issues beleaguering the industry. TSLA shares were +5.59% higher in after hours trading, moving back above $1,000 a share.

Most Asian equity markets are trading higher but with mainland China and Hong Kong stocks lagging, hurt by worries about the Chinese economy as the nation continues to battle Covid-19 outbreaks. The Shanghai Composite (-1.68%), CSI (-1.05%) and the Hang Seng (-1.56%) are trading in negative territory as a speech by the Chinese President Xi Jinping failed to bolster investor sentiment as markets have been disappointed with Chinese attempts at tackling the economic impact of lockdowns. Elsewhere, the Nikkei (+1.21%) and the Kospi (+0.48%) are trading up building on previous session gains. Looking ahead, stock futures are indicating a positive start after Tesla's earnings with the S&P 500 (+0.38%), Nasdaq (+0.55%) and DAX (+0.30%) in the green.

Oil prices are higher this morning with pressure in Europe to impose formal sanctions on Russian oil mounting. As I type, Brent futures are +1.04% higher at $107.91/bbl. In FX, the Japanese Yen continues to remain weaker and is -0.32% lower.

Elsewhere, we’re just 3 days away from the French presidential election runoff now. The second round candidates held their only debate last night, expounding their world views for about three hours. There didn’t seem to be anything from the debate that should tip the scales of the election in either direction. The polls continue to put President Macron ahead of Marine Le Pen, and yesterday’s releases maintained that pattern of Macron’s lead being outside the margin of error, with leads of 56.5-43.5 (Ipsos), 55.5-44.5 (Ifop), 55-45 (from Kantar), and 54-46 (from Harris).

There wasn’t a massive amount of data yesterday, but we did get a fresh reminder on inflationary pressures from the German PPI data, which came in at a year-on-year rate of +30.9% in March (vs. +30.0% expected). It’s also the fastest annual rate since the official series begins in 1949. Otherwise, there were US existing home sales for March, which fell to an annualised rate of 5.77m as expected, the lowest rate since June 2020.

Elsewhere the Credit Derivatives Determinations Committee said Russia’s remuneration of foreign currency bonds with rubles would constitute a default, triggering credit default swaps on Russian debt. Recall, US bank custodians were prevented from processing Russian dollar debt payments earlier this month. Russia still has some time to avoid a default, with a 30-day grace period to make creditors whole expiring on May 4.

To the day ahead now, and central bank speakers include Fed Chair Powell and ECB President Lagarde, who are taking part in a panel on the global economy, as well as BoE Governor Bailey and the BoE’s Mann. Data releases from the US include the weekly initial jobless claims, and from the Euro Area there’s also the European Commission’s advance consumer confidence reading for April. Finally, earnings releases include Danaher, NextEra Energy, Philip Morris International, Union Pacific and Blackstone.

Tyler Durden Thu, 04/21/2022 - 07:55

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Chronic stress and inflammation linked to societal and environmental impacts in new study

From anxiety about the state of the world to ongoing waves of Covid-19, the stresses we face can seem relentless and even overwhelming. Worse, these stressors…

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From anxiety about the state of the world to ongoing waves of Covid-19, the stresses we face can seem relentless and even overwhelming. Worse, these stressors can cause chronic inflammation in our bodies. Chronic inflammation is linked to serious conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer – and may also affect our thinking and behavior.   

Credit: Image: Vodovotz et al/Frontiers

From anxiety about the state of the world to ongoing waves of Covid-19, the stresses we face can seem relentless and even overwhelming. Worse, these stressors can cause chronic inflammation in our bodies. Chronic inflammation is linked to serious conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer – and may also affect our thinking and behavior.   

A new hypothesis published in Frontiers in Science suggests the negative impacts may extend far further.   

“We propose that stress, inflammation, and consequently impaired cognition in individuals can scale up to communities and populations,” explained lead author Prof Yoram Vodovotz of the University of Pittsburgh, USA.

“This could affect the decision-making and behavior of entire societies, impair our cognitive ability to address complex issues like climate change, social unrest, and infectious disease – and ultimately lead to a self-sustaining cycle of societal dysfunction and environmental degradation,” he added.

Bodily inflammation ‘mapped’ in the brain  

One central premise to the hypothesis is an association between chronic inflammation and cognitive dysfunction.  

“The cause of this well-known phenomenon is not currently known,” said Vodovotz. “We propose a mechanism, which we call the ‘central inflammation map’.”    

The authors’ novel idea is that the brain creates its own copy of bodily inflammation. Normally, this inflammation map allows the brain to manage the inflammatory response and promote healing.   

When inflammation is high or chronic, however, the response goes awry and can damage healthy tissues and organs. The authors suggest the inflammation map could similarly harm the brain and impair cognition, emotion, and behavior.   

Accelerated spread of stress and inflammation online   

A second premise is the spread of chronic inflammation from individuals to populations.  

“While inflammation is not contagious per se, it could still spread via the transmission of stress among people,” explained Vodovotz.   

The authors further suggest that stress is being transmitted faster than ever before, through social media and other digital communications.  

“People are constantly bombarded with high levels of distressing information, be it the news, negative online comments, or a feeling of inadequacy when viewing social media feeds,” said Vodovotz. “We hypothesize that this new dimension of human experience, from which it is difficult to escape, is driving stress, chronic inflammation, and cognitive impairment across global societies.”   

Inflammation as a driver of social and planetary disruption  

These ideas shift our view of inflammation as a biological process restricted to an individual. Instead, the authors see it as a multiscale process linking molecular, cellular, and physiological interactions in each of us to altered decision-making and behavior in populations – and ultimately to large-scale societal and environmental impacts.  

“Stress-impaired judgment could explain the chaotic and counter-intuitive responses of large parts of the global population to stressful events such as climate change and the Covid-19 pandemic,” explained Vodovotz.  

“An inability to address these and other stressors may propagate a self-fulfilling sense of pervasive danger, causing further stress, inflammation, and impaired cognition in a runaway, positive feedback loop,” he added.  

The fact that current levels of global stress have not led to widespread societal disorder could indicate an equally strong stabilizing effect from “controllers” such as trust in laws, science, and multinational organizations like the United Nations.   

“However, societal norms and institutions are increasingly being questioned, at times rightly so as relics of a foregone era,” said Prof Paul Verschure of Radboud University, the Netherlands, and a co-author of the article. “The challenge today is how we can ward off a new adversarial era of instability due to global stress caused by a multi-scale combination of geopolitical fragmentation, conflicts, and ecological collapse amplified by existential angst, cognitive overload, and runaway disinformation.”    

Reducing social media exposure as part of the solution  

The authors developed a mathematical model to test their ideas and explore ways to reduce stress and build resilience.  

“Preliminary results highlight the need for interventions at multiple levels and scales,” commented co-author Prof Julia Arciero of Indiana University, USA.  

“While anti-inflammatory drugs are sometimes used to treat medical conditions associated with inflammation, we do not believe these are the whole answer for individuals,” said Dr David Katz, co-author and a specialist in preventive and lifestyle medicine based in the US. “Lifestyle changes such as healthy nutrition, exercise, and reducing exposure to stressful online content could also be important.”  

“The dawning new era of precision and personalized therapeutics could also offer enormous potential,” he added.  

At the societal level, the authors suggest creating calm public spaces and providing education on the norms and institutions that keep our societies stable and functioning.  

“While our ‘inflammation map’ hypothesis and corresponding mathematical model are a start, a coordinated and interdisciplinary research effort is needed to define interventions that would improve the lives of individuals and the resilience of communities to stress. We hope our article stimulates scientists around the world to take up this challenge,” Vodovotz concluded.  

The article is part of the Frontiers in Science multimedia article hub ‘A multiscale map of inflammatory stress’. The hub features a video, an explainer, a version of the article written for kids, and an editorial, viewpoints, and policy outlook from other eminent experts: Prof David Almeida (Penn State University, USA), Prof Pietro Ghezzi (University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Italy), and Dr Ioannis P Androulakis (Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA). 


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Acadia’s Nuplazid fails PhIII study due to higher-than-expected placebo effect

After years of trying to expand the market territory for Nuplazid, Acadia Pharmaceuticals might have hit a dead end, with a Phase III fail in schizophrenia…

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After years of trying to expand the market territory for Nuplazid, Acadia Pharmaceuticals might have hit a dead end, with a Phase III fail in schizophrenia due to the placebo arm performing better than expected.

Steve Davis

“We will continue to analyze these data with our scientific advisors, but we do not intend to conduct any further clinical trials with pimavanserin,” CEO Steve Davis said in a Monday press release. Acadia’s stock $ACAD dropped by 17.41% before the market opened Tuesday.

Pimavanserin, a serotonin inverse agonist and also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, is already in the market with the brand name Nuplazid for Parkinson’s disease psychosis. Efforts to expand into other indications such as Alzheimer’s-related psychosis and major depression have been unsuccessful, and previous trials in schizophrenia have yielded mixed data at best. Its February presentation does not list other pimavanserin studies in progress.

The Phase III ADVANCE-2 trial investigated 34 mg pimavanserin versus placebo in 454 patients who have negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The study used the negative symptom assessment-16 (NSA-16) total score as a primary endpoint and followed participants up to week 26. Study participants have control of positive symptoms due to antipsychotic therapies.

The company said that the change from baseline in this measure for the treatment arm was similar between the Phase II ADVANCE-1 study and ADVANCE-2 at -11.6 and -11.8, respectively. However, the placebo was higher in ADVANCE-2 at -11.1, when this was -8.5 in ADVANCE-1. The p-value in ADVANCE-2 was 0.4825.

In July last year, another Phase III schizophrenia trial — by Sumitomo and Otsuka — also reported negative results due to what the company noted as Covid-19 induced placebo effect.

According to Mizuho Securities analysts, ADVANCE-2 data were disappointing considering the company applied what it learned from ADVANCE-1, such as recruiting patients outside the US to alleviate a high placebo effect. The Phase III recruited participants in Argentina and Europe.

Analysts at Cowen added that the placebo effect has been a “notorious headwind” in US-based trials, which appears to “now extend” to ex-US studies. But they also noted ADVANCE-1 reported a “modest effect” from the drug anyway.

Nonetheless, pimavanserin’s safety profile in the late-stage study “was consistent with previous clinical trials,” with the drug having an adverse event rate of 30.4% versus 40.3% with placebo, the company said. Back in 2018, even with the FDA approval for Parkinson’s psychosis, there was an intense spotlight on Nuplazid’s safety profile.

Acadia previously aimed to get Nuplazid approved for Alzheimer’s-related psychosis but had many hurdles. The drug faced an adcomm in June 2022 that voted 9-3 noting that the drug is unlikely to be effective in this setting, culminating in a CRL a few months later.

As for the company’s next R&D milestones, Mizuho analysts said it won’t be anytime soon: There is the Phase III study for ACP-101 in Prader-Willi syndrome with data expected late next year and a Phase II trial for ACP-204 in Alzheimer’s disease psychosis with results anticipated in 2026.

Acadia collected $549.2 million in full-year 2023 revenues for Nuplazid, with $143.9 million in the fourth quarter.

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Digital Currency And Gold As Speculative Warnings

Over the last few years, digital currencies and gold have become decent barometers of speculative investor appetite. Such isn’t surprising given the evolution…

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Over the last few years, digital currencies and gold have become decent barometers of speculative investor appetite. Such isn’t surprising given the evolution of the market into a “casino” following the pandemic, where retail traders have increased their speculative appetites.

“Such is unsurprising, given that retail investors often fall victim to the psychological behavior of the “fear of missing out.” The chart below shows the “dumb money index” versus the S&P 500. Once again, retail investors are very long equities relative to the institutional players ascribed to being the “smart money.””

“The difference between “smart” and “dumb money” investors shows that, more often than not, the “dumb money” invests near market tops and sells near market bottoms.”

Net Smart Dumb Money vs Market

That enthusiasm has increased sharply since last November as stocks surged in hopes that the Federal Reserve would cut interest rates. As noted by Sentiment Trader:

“Over the past 18 weeks, the straight-up rally has moved us to an interesting juncture in the Sentiment Cycle. For the past few weeks, the S&P 500 has demonstrated a high positive correlation to the ‘Enthusiasm’ part of the cycle and a highly negative correlation to the ‘Panic’ phase.”

Investor Enthusiasm

That frenzy to chase the markets, driven by the psychological bias of the “fear of missing out,” has permeated the entirety of the market. As noted in This Is Nuts:”

“Since then, the entire market has surged higher following last week’s earnings report from Nvidia (NVDA). The reason I say “this is nuts” is the assumption that all companies were going to grow earnings and revenue at Nvidia’s rate. There is little doubt about Nvidia’s earnings and revenue growth rates. However, to maintain that growth pace indefinitely, particularly at 32x price-to-sales, means others like AMD and Intel must lose market share.”

Nvidia Price To Sales

Of course, it is not just a speculative frenzy in the markets for stocks, specifically anything related to “artificial intelligence,” but that exuberance has spilled over into gold and cryptocurrencies.

Birds Of A Feather

There are a couple of ways to measure exuberance in the assets. While sentiment measures examine the broad market, technical indicators can reflect exuberance on individual asset levels. However, before we get to our charts, we need a brief explanation of statistics, specifically, standard deviation.

As I discussed in “Revisiting Bob Farrell’s 10 Investing Rules”:

“Like a rubber band that has been stretched too far – it must be relaxed in order to be stretched again. This is exactly the same for stock prices that are anchored to their moving averages. Trends that get overextended in one direction, or another, always return to their long-term average. Even during a strong uptrend or strong downtrend, prices often move back (revert) to a long-term moving average.”

The idea of “stretching the rubber band” can be measured in several ways, but I will limit our discussion this week to Standard Deviation and measuring deviation with “Bollinger Bands.”

“Standard Deviation” is defined as:

“A measure of the dispersion of a set of data from its mean. The more spread apart the data, the higher the deviation. Standard deviation is calculated as the square root of the variance.”

In plain English, this means that the further away from the average that an event occurs, the more unlikely it becomes. As shown below, out of 1000 occurrences, only three will fall outside the area of 3 standard deviations. 95.4% of the time, events will occur within two standard deviations.

Standard Deviation Chart

A second measure of “exuberance” is “relative strength.”

“In technical analysis, the relative strength index (RSI) is a momentum indicator that measures the magnitude of recent price changes to evaluate overbought or oversold conditions in the price of a stock or other asset. The RSI is displayed as an oscillator (a line graph that moves between two extremes) and can read from 0 to 100.

Traditional interpretation and usage of the RSI are that values of 70 or above indicate that a security is becoming overbought or overvalued and may be primed for a trend reversal or corrective pullback in price. An RSI reading of 30 or below indicates an oversold or undervalued condition.” – Investopedia

With those two measures, let’s look at Nvidia (NVDA), the poster child of speculative momentum trading in the markets. Nvidia trades more than 3 standard deviations above its moving average, and its RSI is 81. The last time this occurred was in July of 2023 when Nvidia consolidated and corrected prices through November.

NVDA chart vs Bollinger Bands

Interestingly, gold also trades well into 3 standard deviation territory with an RSI reading of 75. Given that gold is supposed to be a “safe haven” or “risk off” asset, it is instead getting swept up in the current market exuberance.

Gold vs Bollinger Bands

The same is seen with digital currencies. Given the recent approval of spot, Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs), the panic bid to buy Bitcoin has pushed the price well into 3 standard deviation territory with an RSI of 73.

Bitcoin vs Bollinger Bands

In other words, the stock market frenzy to “buy anything that is going up” has spread from just a handful of stocks related to artificial intelligence to gold and digital currencies.

It’s All Relative

We can see the correlation between stock market exuberance and gold and digital currency, which has risen since 2015 but accelerated following the post-pandemic, stimulus-fueled market frenzy. Since the market, gold and cryptocurrencies, or Bitcoin for our purposes, have disparate prices, we have rebased the performance to 100 in 2015.

Gold was supposed to be an inflation hedge. Yet, in 2022, gold prices fell as the market declined and inflation surged to 9%. However, as inflation has fallen and the stock market surged, so has gold. Notably, since 2015, gold and the market have moved in a more correlated pattern, which has reduced the hedging effect of gold in portfolios. In other words, during the subsequent market decline, gold will likely track stocks lower, failing to provide its “wealth preservation” status for investors.

SP500 vs Gold

The same goes for cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin is substantially more volatile than gold and tends to ebb and flow with the overall market. As sentiment surges in the S&P 500, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies follow suit as speculative appetites increase. Unfortunately, for individuals once again piling into Bitcoin to chase rising prices, if, or when, the market corrects, the decline in cryptocurrencies will likely substantially outpace the decline in market-based equities. This is particularly the case as Wall Street can now short the spot-Bitcoin ETFs, creating additional selling pressure on Bitcoin.

SP500 vs Bitcoin

Just for added measure, here is Bitcoin versus gold.

Gold vs Bitcoin

Not A Recommendation

There are many narratives surrounding the markets, digital currency, and gold. However, in today’s market, more than in previous years, all assets are getting swept up into the investor-feeding frenzy.

Sure, this time could be different. I am only making an observation and not an investment recommendation.

However, from a portfolio management perspective, it will likely pay to remain attentive to the correlated risk between asset classes. If some event causes a reversal in bullish exuberance, cash and bonds may be the only place to hide.

The post Digital Currency And Gold As Speculative Warnings appeared first on RIA.

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