Connect with us

International

A comprehensive survey of ChatGPT and its applications across domains

Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) have ushered in a new era with the emergence of powerful language models, most notably the Generative…

Published

on

Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) have ushered in a new era with the emergence of powerful language models, most notably the Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) series, which includes substantial language models such as ChatGPT (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4). These models undergo extensive pre-training on vast textual data, and their capability is evident in their exceptional performance across a broad spectrum of NLP tasks, including language translation, text summarization, and question-answering. Notably, ChatGPT has demonstrated its potential across various domains, spanning education, healthcare, reasoning, text generation, human-machine interaction, and scientific research, to name just a few.

Credit: YIHENG LIU

Recent advancements in natural language processing (NLP) have ushered in a new era with the emergence of powerful language models, most notably the Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) series, which includes substantial language models such as ChatGPT (GPT-3.5 and GPT-4). These models undergo extensive pre-training on vast textual data, and their capability is evident in their exceptional performance across a broad spectrum of NLP tasks, including language translation, text summarization, and question-answering. Notably, ChatGPT has demonstrated its potential across various domains, spanning education, healthcare, reasoning, text generation, human-machine interaction, and scientific research, to name just a few.

In line with this emerging and noteworthy trend, a team of researchers in China has undertaken a thorough analysis of research papers centered around ChatGPT. As of April 1st, 2023, a total of 194 papers referencing ChatGPT were identified on arXiv.

The team’s study encompassed a comprehensive trend analysis of these papers, resulting in the creation of a word cloud to visually depict the frequently used terminology. Additionally, they delved into the distribution of these papers across diverse fields, presenting statistical insights.

Moreover, their efforts extended to a comprehensive review of the existing literature on ChatGPT.

“Our review spans various dimensions, including an exploration of ChatGPT’s manifold applications, a thorough consideration of the ethical implications associated with its use, an evaluation of its capabilities, and an examination of its inherent limitations,” explains lead author Bao Ge.

 The team’s findings indicate a rapid increase in interest in NLP models, showcasing their substantial potential across various domains.

“Nonetheless, it is essential to acknowledge the valid concerns surrounding biased or harmful content generation, privacy infringements and the potential for technology misuse,” Ge emphasizes.
Mitigating these concerns and establishing a framework for the responsible and ethical development and deployment of ChatGPT stands as a paramount priority.”

###

Contact the author: Bao Ge. School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710119, Shaanxi, China. bob_ge@snnu.edu.cn

The publisher KeAi was established by Elsevier and China Science Publishing & Media Ltd to unfold quality research globally. In 2013, our focus shifted to open access publishing. We now proudly publish more than 100 world-class, open access, English language journals, spanning all scientific disciplines. Many of these are titles we publish in partnership with prestigious societies and academic institutions, such as the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).


Read More

Continue Reading

International

The Swiss Have The Highest Per Capita Wealth In The World

The Swiss Have The Highest Per Capita Wealth In The World

When looking at wealth per person on a country-by-country basis, is it more important…

Published

on

The Swiss Have The Highest Per Capita Wealth In The World

When looking at wealth per person on a country-by-country basis, is it more important to look at median wealth or average wealth?

Many experts believe that median wealth provides the most accurate picture of wealth since it identifies the middle point of a dataset, with half of the data points above this number, and half falling below it. In this way, it is less impacted by extreme values, and gives a good representation of the “middle of the pack”.

With that said, average wealth gives you a true average, even though it may get distorted by outliers, like the fortunes held by billionaires.

Either way, using data from the 2023 UBS Global Wealth Report, Visual Capitalist's Dorothy Neufeld created the following graphic comparing both average and median wealth across select countries,

Top Countries by Average Wealth per Person

In 2022, global average wealth per adult stood at $84,718.

By these measures, Switzerland ranks at the top at $685,226 per person. Over 15% of the population are millionaires, the third-highest rate in the world. However, when looking at median wealth per person, it stands at $167,353, a difference of over $517,000.

Like Switzerland, five of the top 10 countries by average wealth are in Western Europe, including Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, and Belgium.

The table below shows average wealth per adult in 2022 across 39 countries analyzed by UBS:

Rank Country Mean Wealth per Adult
1 ???????? Switzerland $685,226
2 ???????? U.S. $551,347
3 ???????? Australia $496,819
4 ???????? Denmark $409,954
5 ???????? New Zealand $388,761
6 ???????? Norway $385,338
7 ???????? Singapore $382,957
8 ???????? Canada $369,577
9 ???????? Netherlands $358,235
10 ???????? Belgium $352,814
11 ???????? France $312,235
12 ???????? UK $302,783
13 ???????? Sweden $296,800
14 ???????? Taiwan $273,788
15 ???????? Germany $256,179
16 ???????? Ireland $247,080
17 ???????? Austria $245,225
18 ???????? Israel $235,445
19 ???????? South Korea $230,760
20 ???????? Spain $224,209
21 ???????? Italy $221,370
22 ???????? Japan $216,078
23 ???????? Finland $179,986
24 ???????? Portugal $158,840
25 ???????? Greece $105,724
26 ???????? Czechia $90,393
27 ???????? China $75,731
28 ???????? Hungary $59,348
29 ???????? Mexico $55,274
30 ???????? Chile $54,082
31 ???????? Poland $52,741
32 ???????? Romania $44,320
33 ???????? Russia $39,514
34 ???????? Thailand $25,956
35 ???????? South Africa $23,956
36 ???????? Türkiye $17,578
37 ???????? Indonesia $17,457
38 ???????? India $16,500
39 ???????? Colombia $15,464
  World $84,718

The U.S. falls second, with a mean wealth per adult of $551,347.

Overall, it is home to 38% of global millionaires, outpacing the second-highest country, China, by more than three times. With a significant wealth gap, income inequality in the U.S. is among the highest across developed nations.

Ranking seventh is Singapore, with the highest average wealth per adult across Asia. Income inequality in Singapore falls at a similar level to America based on its Gini ratio.

Top Countries by Median Wealth per Person

Here’s how wealth shifts when looking from a median wealth per adult basis:

Rank Country Median Wealth per Adult
1 ???????? Belgium $249,937
2 ???????? Australia $247,453
3 ???????? New Zealand $193,065
4 ???????? Denmark $186,041
5 ???????? Switzerland $167,353
6 ???????? UK $151,825
7 ???????? Norway $143,887
8 ???????? Canada $137,633
9 ???????? France $133,137
10 ???????? Netherlands $112,450
11 ???????? Taiwan $108,247
12 ???????? U.S. $107,739
13 ???????? Spain $107,507
14 ???????? Italy $107,315
15 ???????? Japan $103,681
16 ???????? Singapore $99,488
17 ???????? South Korea $92,719
18 ???????? Ireland $90,741
19 ???????? Finland $84,093
20 ???????? Israel $77,604
21 ???????? Sweden $77,515
22 ???????? Portugal $70,409
23 ???????? Austria $68,492
24 ???????? Germany $66,735
25 ???????? Greece $53,501
26 ???????? China $27,273
27 ???????? Hungary $26,416
28 ???????? Czechia $23,502
29 ???????? Romania $21,545
30 ???????? Poland $20,263
31 ???????? Chile $19,544
32 ???????? Mexico $18,920
33 ???????? Thailand $9,602
34 ???????? Russia $8,595
35 ???????? Türkiye $5,488
36 ???????? South Africa $5,141
37 ???????? Indonesia $4,819
38 ???????? Colombia $4,450
39 ???????? India $3,755
  World $8,654

Belgium ranks the highest, climbing past Australia for the first time. High home ownership levels and elevated home prices have led household wealth to rise above other European countries.

Median wealth in the U.S. stood at $107,739, falling in 12th place.

Overall, median wealth has grown the fastest in China, increasing eightfold since 2000 to reach $27,273. The country’s rapid economic growth has lifted many into the middle class, yet wealth inequality has also increased.

Biggest Gaps in Average and Median Wealth

Which countries have the starkest difference between average and median wealth per adult?

Across the dataset, the U.S. saw the steepest gap. Median wealth per adult was $107,739—80.5% lower than average wealth levels. This means that wealth ownership skews disproportionately to the country’s richest.

Following the U.S. were South Africa, Russia, and India for illustrating the widest disparities between average and median wealth.

On the other end of the spectrum was Belgium, where median wealth per adult was the closest to average wealth levels. In this way, median wealth per person was $249,937 while average wealth was $352,814, reflecting less disparity.

Other countries with narrower gaps between median and average wealth per person included Greece, the UK, and Australia.

Tyler Durden Tue, 10/31/2023 - 04:15

Read More

Continue Reading

International

AUD/USD Technical: Potential residual push down within bullish reversal configuration

The price actions of AUD/USD have started to oscillate within an impending “Descending Wedge” bullish reversal configuration. The emergence of the…

Published

on

  • The price actions of AUD/USD have started to oscillate within an impending “Descending Wedge” bullish reversal configuration.
  • The emergence of the “Descending Wedge” coupled with positive reading seen in the daily RSI momentum indicator indicates its current medium-term downtrend phase from the 3 February 2023 high may be coming to its tail-end.
  • In the short term, the AUD/USD is at risk of staging a potential residual push down to retest the lower boundary of the “Descending Wedge” acting as support at 0.6270/6260.
  • Watch the key short-term resistance at 0.6395 on the AUD/USD.

This is a follow-up analysis of our prior report, “AUD/USD is under downside pressure below 0.6510 as RBA looms” published on 5 September 2023. Click here for a recap.

The price actions of AUD/USD have indeed continued to churn lower towards 0.6310 support as highlighted in our last report.

It printed a recent intraday low of 0.6270 last Thursday, 26 October, and staged a bounce of +113 pips to hit a high of 0.6384 yesterday, 30 October (US session) as we await key external economic data out from China, the NBS Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing PMI data for October that may impact the movements of the AUD/USD due to Australia’s close trading ties with China.

Consensus estimates have indicated another month of slow recovery in manufacturing and services activities in China for October, but the manufacturing PMI has slipped back to contraction mode with a reading of 49.5 from 50.2 in September while growth in the non-manufacturing PMI inched lower to 50.6, below consensus of 51.8 and September print of 51.7.

Let’s look at the AUD/USD from the lens of technical analysis.

An impending medium-term bullish reversal configuration has emerged

Fig 1:  AUD/USD medium-term trend as of 31 Oct 2023 (Source: TradingView, click to enlarge chart)

Since its 5 September 2023 low of 0.6357, the AUD/USD has started to oscillate within an ongoing eight-week impending “Descending Wedge” configuration with its downside momentum abating as indicated by the bullish divergence condition being flashed out in the daily RSI momentum indicator after it hit its oversold region on 17 August 2023.

These observations (price actions pattern coupled with readings seen in momentum indicator) tend to suggest that the medium-term downtrend from the 1 February 2023 high is likely to be approaching its tail-end where a potential imminent bullish reversal may occur next.

The upper limit (resistance) of the impending “Descending Wedge” bullish reversal configuration stands at 0.6395.

Short-term momentum is still bearish

Fig 2:  AUD/USD minor short-term trend as of 30 Oct 2023 (Source: TradingView, click to enlarge chart)

In the shorter-term 1-hour chart, the price actions of AUD/USD may shape a potential residual push down to retest the lower boundary of the “Descending Wedge” bullish reversal configuration as indicated by the momentum bearish breakdown condition seen in the 1-hour RSI indicator after it reached its overbought region yesterday, 30 October.

Watch the 0.6395 key short-term pivotal resistance (upper boundary of the “Descending Wedge” & 50-day moving average) for a potential slide toward the immediate supports of 0.6330 and 0.6270/6260 (lower boundary of the “Descending Wedge” & Fibonacci extension) before a potential recovery takes form.

However, a clearance above 0.6395 invalidates the bearish residual push down scenario for a bullish breakout to see the next intermediate resistance coming in at 0.6510 (30 Aug/20 September 2023 minor swing high) in the first step.

Read More

Continue Reading

Government

A Super-State Is Being Created Without Consent Of The People, Warns Polish MEP

A Super-State Is Being Created Without Consent Of The People, Warns Polish MEP

Authored by Olivier Bault via Remix News,

The public is not…

Published

on

A Super-State Is Being Created Without Consent Of The People, Warns Polish MEP

Authored by Olivier Bault via Remix News,

The public is not supposed to notice that a putsch is about to take place, that the European Union as a community of sovereign states is being abolished and a superstate is being created without any consent of the people, says Polish MEP Jacek Saryusz-Wolski

The European Parliament’s Constitutional Affairs Committee adopted a resolution on Oct. 25 with a report carrying far-reaching treaty changes drafted by the so-called Verhofstadt Group, a team led by the Belgian Eurofederalist Guy Verhofstadt.

The plenary vote is planned for Nov. 22 and will formally trigger the procedure to amend the existing treaties.

Polish MEP Jacek Saryusz-Wolski, who was a member of this Verhofstadt Group until July, explains in this exclusive interview with Remix News why this latest attempt to transform the European Union into an undemocratic superstate, which he describes as a silent putsch with communist roots, has a real chance to succeed if it is not stopped fast.

* * *

There have been elections in Poland, and we know that a new government will probably be formed by the Civic Coalition together with the Third Way and the New Left. Does this mean that Poland will now support the far-reaching changes to the EU treaties proposed by the left and center-right in the European Parliament?

I prefer to speak in the conditional because as of today, the formation of a government by the opposition is likely, but not a foregone conclusion. However, if this does happen, it is indeed true that Poland can no longer be expected to block these changes in the way the EU functions.

The Polish opposition, at the stage of parliamentary work, supported these changes, both through the votes of the representatives of their political groups in the team of co-rapporteurs of the report, which we colloquially call the Verhofstadt Group and which I left in July in protest, and with their votes in the Constitutional Affairs Committee, and also in the plenary voting.

As for the plenary votes, in the Report on Parliamentarianism, European Citizenship, and Democracy, where there was an amendment to eliminate the Member States’ veto right, the opposition voted to eliminate this right of veto.

During the vote in the European Parliament’s Committee on Constitutional Affairs on Oct. 25, the representatives of these Polish parties expressed their support in principle for this plan to create a superstate and reduce the role of the member states to that of German-style “Länder.”

So, it is almost certain that if these three parties form a government headed by Donald Tusk in Poland, they will support these changes.

Assuming this is what is going to happen, can these changes be blocked by smaller countries such as Hungary and Slovakia, whose new prime minister, Robert Fico, has expressed his fierce opposition to the elimination of the veto right?

We have to consider the experience with the Constitutional Treaty. There were many resisters and eventually, under pressure and blackmail, even the most resistant, Britain, agreed. This treaty was only blocked by two referendums, in the Netherlands and France. It is only then that this treaty was abandoned. However, it was eventually adopted in a truncated form and rebadged as the Lisbon Treaty. So, the history of the Constitutional Treaty proves that even the most resistant give way and yield under pressure over time.

Here, the pressure is very great, and the tools the European Commission has at its disposal are much more powerful than in the days of trying to push through the Constitutional Treaty. Back then, the Commission could not block funds, as it does today. It could not put a member state up against a wall on contrived charges concerning the so-called rule of law, for example.

The arsenal of means of extortion and blackmail is much larger today and it is actively used. France’s Marine Le Pen said Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni did not want to vote for the immigration and relocation package, believing that a naval blockade was needed, not this type of ineffective measure. However, she was threatened that a tranche of the Italian recovery funds would be blocked and she bowed to the pressure since she risked, as we know, an attack by financial markets on Italy.

Italians are indeed familiar with this from 2011. But you said you left the so-called Verhofstadt Group, i.e., the team working on the report on proposals of the European Parliament for the amendment of the treaties, in an act of protest. An act of protest against what?

Against this final formula and the lack of respect for the consensus principle. We worked on the report from July 2022 to July 2023. It was hundreds of hours of negotiations. There were six representatives of six political groups, including myself on behalf of the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) group. The Identity & Democracy group was not allowed in.

Why?

This is the so-called “cordon sanitaire” policy enforced by the other groups, from the center-right EPP to the far left. As for the six rapporteurs, the Conference of Presidents decided that there were to be six co-rapporteurs, i.e., the principle of consensus was to apply. This means that everyone was expected to agree on the final version.

As one of those six co-rapporteurs, I have protested various solutions, unfortunately unsuccessfully. I have proposed other solutions, such as a CJEU Subsidiarity Chamber composed of the Presidents of the National Constitutional Courts, or a red card procedure in which half of the national parliaments could stop legislation in the European Commission, etc.

This was all rejected, and the “consensus of six co-rapporteurs” principle was turned into a “consensus minus one.” In other words, the five other political groups agreed on matters between themselves, and the ECR was eventually also placed outside the cordon sanitaire.

Therefore, I slammed the door on behalf of my group.

In its draft resolution that deals precisely with these proposals for treaty changes, the European Parliament cites the so-called Conference on the Future of Europe as the source of these ideas. Doesn’t that mean that there is a democratic procedure behind these proposed changes? It was a citizen consultation after all, wasn’t it?

Absolutely not.

...

It is worth noting that in the European Parliament’s resolution, its authors refer to the Ventotene Manifesto of Altiero Spinelli, an Italian Trotskyist communist. His manifesto is cited first, with Schuman’s declaration coming in second. This clearly shows that this idea of amending the EU treaty is rooted in the communist Marxist vision for Europe, where nation-states are being abolished and where democracy is basically non-existent.

Just read what Spinelli wrote on the subject. Schuman proclaimed that his idea was not to bring countries together to create a superstate, and the idea of the Union as a superstate has its origin in the concepts Spinelli exposed in the Ventotene Manifesto.

It says that “it derives its vision and certainty of what must be done from the knowledge that it represents the deepest needs of modern society and not from any previous recognition by popular will, as yet inexistent. In this way, it issues the basic guidelines of the new order, the first social discipline directed to the unformed masses. By this dictatorship of the revolutionary party a new State will be formed, and around this State new, genuine democracy will grow.”

This is pure Bolshevism!

This future democracy, as in communism, is to be led by the dictatorship of revolutionary parties.

The Ventotene Manifesto further says that it will be a stable federal state with a European army, etc.

Let’s be clear: This project to reform the EU treaties is communist and it rejects Schuman’s Christian-democratic concept. The Spinelli Group, which co-authored the proposals, is an informal group in the European Parliament with dozens of MEPs. They claim to be federalists, but their project is actually anti-federalist.

...

Yes. And once it is adopted, there will be no more need to force the will of some member states when it can be bypassed. This is a curiosity, because nowhere in any international organization is there such a thing, that a statutory, constitutional act of an organization is adopted other than unanimously.

...

This is a kind of group of political ideologues, some of whom I would even call fanatics, who want to build a superstate on the ruins of nation-states, where a political oligarchy will rule unaccountably and escape the democratic control of citizens.

...

In short, it is the Union that will decide what are the powers and scope of sovereignty of the states, and not the opposite. Thus, sovereignty within the European Union would no longer reside in the member states but in the Union itself, and the former would be subordinated.

Incidentally, the euro currency is to become mandatory for all EU members. That is also why I am talking about the threat of the member states becoming simple “Länder”: They will be just European Union states just as there are German states.

...

So what is your forecast? Does the new treaty have enough support in the big EU countries and will it simply be imposed on the rest?

First, it will pass in the European Parliament. Roughly judging by previous votes, I predict that it should be about 330 votes “for” and 170 “against.” That is what previous votes show, such as on the complete elimination of the veto right, which is envisioned in another report voted on in the European Parliament in September.

...

That is the intention, by the way, to do it in-house, in a discreet way. The public is not supposed to notice that a putsch is about to take place, that the European Union as a community of sovereign states is being abolished and a superstate is being created without any consent of the people, and that the member states are being reduced to the role of German states.

...

The problem is that Europe has been hijacked, it has been stolen. Just as Zeus, in the form of a bull, abducted Europe, left-liberal circles have taken possession of something that was a concept with a Christian genesis, something that was founded on the principle of subsidiarity, which, by the way, is derived from the Church’s social teaching. This something is being transformed by them into a project with communist roots. The authors of the European Parliament’s draft resolution and report do not even hide this.

Read the full shocking interview here...

Tyler Durden Tue, 10/31/2023 - 03:30

Read More

Continue Reading

Trending